Video editing
Prompting AI tools for video editing when you are not an editor: how editors think about story, pacing and cuts, the vocabulary of shots, cuts, sound and color, the technical specs (frame rates, aspect ratios, codecs, export settings, captions), the professional workflow from assembly to delivery, and where AI helps: chat assistants for scripts, shot lists, paper edits and hooks, AI features inside editors, and video generators for B-roll, plus a staged prompt chain and prompt library that build every prompt on one skeleton. The general method is in Prompting fundamentals; animated graphics are in Motion design; scripts and social copy are in Content generation.
How experts think
Editors are storytellers first and technicians second. Before touching the timeline they decide what the video is about, who it is for, and what the viewer should feel; then every cut either serves that or goes.
| Question | Why it comes first | Example answer |
|---|---|---|
| What is it about, in one sentence? | the cut follows the story, not the order things were filmed | "a baker explains why she quit finance, and what she'd tell her old self" |
| Who watches, where, on what? | platform sets length, aspect ratio, pacing and sound-off viewing | Instagram Reels, phones, often muted |
| How long? | length decides what survives | 60 seconds |
| What is the hook? | on feeds, viewers decide in the first seconds whether to keep watching | open on her line "I made more money and hated every day" |
| What footage exists? | coverage (the shots and angles available) limits what you can cut | 40 min interview, two angles, 15 min of bakery B-roll |
| What should the viewer feel at the end? | sets music, pacing and the last shot | hopeful, a little defiant |
| What are the deliverables? | formats, lengths, captions, versions | 9:16 60 s, 16:9 3 min, burned-in captions, SRT file |
Frameworks editors use:
| Framework | What it says | Ask like |
|---|---|---|
| Walter Murch's rule of six (In the Blink of an Eye) | an ideal cut serves, in priority order: emotion (51%), story (23%), rhythm (10%), eye-trace (7%), the two-dimensional plane of the screen (5%), three-dimensional space (4%); give up the lower ones first | "Review these cut points by Murch's rule of six." |
| Kuleshov effect | the meaning of a shot changes with the shot next to it (Lev Kuleshov's experiments with one neutral face cut against different images) | "Which B-roll changes how her line lands?" |
| Enter late, leave early | start a scene or soundbite as late as possible and leave as soon as the point is made | "Trim each soundbite to start late and end early." |
| Hook, body, payoff (also hook, build, payoff) | short-form structure: grab, deliver value or tension, resolve | "Structure the 60 s cut as hook, three beats, payoff." |
| Three-act structure | setup (who, and what is at stake), confrontation (the struggle or the turn), resolution (where it lands); it scales from a 60-second story to a feature | "Order the soundbites in three acts and mark the turn." |
| Motivated cuts | every cut has a reason: new information, a reaction, action, rhythm | "Give the motivation for each cut in this sequence." |
| Picture lock before polish | finish story and timing before sound, color and graphics | "List what must be decided before picture lock." |
Vocabulary
| Term | What it means | Say it like |
|---|---|---|
| A-roll | the main footage that carries the story: interview, presenter, dialogue | "A-roll is the sit-down interview." |
| B-roll | supporting footage cut over or between A-roll: places, hands, details | "Cover every jump in the A-roll with B-roll." |
| Coverage | the set of shots and angles filmed of a scene | "We only have wide coverage of the kitchen." |
| Establishing shot | a wide shot that shows where we are | "Open on an establishing shot of the street at dawn." |
| Shot size | how much of the subject fills the frame (table below) | "Cut from the wide to an MCU on her answer." |
| Insert, cutaway | a close shot of a detail in the scene; a shot of something else, away from the action | "Insert of the dough; cutaway to the clock." |
| Over-the-shoulder (OTS), POV | framed past one person toward another; from a character's point of view | "OTS for the questions, POV of the oven." |
| 180° rule | keep the camera on one side of an imaginary line between two subjects, so they keep their screen positions | "Check for any shot that crosses the 180° line." |
| 30° rule | change the camera angle by at least about 30° between two shots of the same subject, or the cut looks like a mistake | "Flag cuts between angles that are too similar." |
| Continuity | details stay consistent across cuts: props, positions, light, eyelines | "List continuity problems between takes 3 and 5." |
| Eyeline match | a cut from someone looking to what they see, matching the direction | "Follow her glance with an eyeline match to the window." |
| Cutting on action | cutting during a movement so the motion hides the cut | "Cut on action as she lifts the tray." |
| Match cut | a cut between two shots linked by a matching shape, movement or sound | "Match cut from the spinning mixer to a spinning record." |
| Jump cut | a cut within the same shot that skips time, so the subject jumps | "Jump cuts are fine in the vlog section; hide them in the interview." |
| J-cut | the next shot's audio starts before its picture | "J-cut: hear the oven door before we see it." |
| L-cut | the picture changes while the previous shot's audio continues | "L-cut: keep her voice over the B-roll of the street." |
| Smash cut | an abrupt cut from one mood or sound level to a very different one | "Smash cut from the quiet office to the loud kitchen." |
| Cross-cutting (parallel editing) | alternating between two events happening at the same time | "Cross-cut her old commute with her new 4 a.m. start." |
| Montage | a sequence of short shots that compresses time or builds a feeling | "A 15-second montage of the first year." |
| Transition | how one shot becomes the next: cut, dissolve, fade, wipe | "Hard cuts only; one fade to black at the end." |
| Pacing | the overall speed of the story: how fast information and shots arrive | "Pace the opening fast, then let the middle breathe." |
| Rhythm | the timing pattern of cuts, often against music or speech | "Cut on the downbeat in the montage." |
| Beat | a single moment of change in the story; also a musical beat | "Each beat gets one soundbite and one B-roll shot." |
| Hook | the opening that makes people keep watching | "Write 10 hooks under 8 words." |
| Cold open | starting with a scene before titles or intro | "Cold open on the moment she hands in her badge." |
| Soundbite | a short, usable piece of an interview answer | "Pull the five strongest soundbites under 12 seconds." |
| Paper edit | the edit planned on paper from a transcript: soundbites in order with timecodes | "Build a paper edit from this transcript." |
| Selects, stringout | the best takes pulled from all footage; those selects laid end to end | "Make a stringout of all laughs." |
| Assembly, rough cut, fine cut | first full order of material; story and structure working; every frame trimmed | "This is a rough cut: comment on structure, not trims." |
| Picture lock | no more changes to timing; sound and color start | "Lock picture by Friday." |
| Timecode | hours:minutes:seconds:frames address of each frame (01:02:10:05) | "Give in and out points as timecode." |
| EDL | edit decision list: a text file of every cut with source and record timecodes | "Write a CMX 3600-style EDL from the paper edit." |
| Ripple, roll, slip, slide | trim that shifts everything after; move a cut point between two clips; change a clip's content without moving it; move a clip between its neighbors | "Slip the B-roll so the hands are in frame." |
| Room tone | the recorded "silence" of a location, used to fill audio gaps | "Fill the gaps with room tone, not silence." |
| Sound design | the effects and ambience that build a world: footsteps, doors, atmosphere | "Add sound design: oven hum, tray clatter, street noise." |
| Music bed | background music under speech | "A light music bed under the interview." |
| Ducking | lowering music automatically or by hand when someone speaks | "Duck the music under every line of dialogue." |
| LUFS | loudness units relative to full scale: a measure of perceived loudness | "Mix to about −14 LUFS integrated, −1 dBTP true peak." |
| Color correction | technical fixes: exposure, white balance, contrast, matching shots | "Correct and match all interview shots first." |
| Color grading | the creative look on top of correction | "Grade warm and soft, like early morning." |
| Log footage | footage recorded with a flat, low-contrast curve that keeps more dynamic range | "The camera shot S-Log3; convert it before grading." |
| LUT | lookup table: a file that maps input colors to output colors (technical conversion or creative look) | "Apply the manufacturer's log-to-Rec.709 LUT, then grade." |
| Rec.709 | the standard color space for HD and most SDR web video | "Deliver in Rec.709." |
| Scopes | graphs of brightness and color: waveform, RGB parade, vectorscope | "Check skin tones on the vectorscope." |
| Frame rate | frames per second (fps) | "Edit at 23.976 to match the camera." |
| Shutter angle, 180° shutter rule | how long each frame is exposed; the rule sets shutter speed to 1 ÷ (2 × fps) for natural motion blur | "Shoot 24 fps at 1/50 s." |
| Aspect ratio | frame width to height: 16:9, 9:16, 4:5, 1:1 | "Make a 9:16 version with captions in the safe area." |
| Codec, container | how video is compressed (H.264, ProRes); the file wrapper (MP4, MOV) | "Export H.264 in an MP4 container." |
| Bit rate | data per second of video, in Mbps; higher keeps more detail | "1080p at 8 Mbps for YouTube." |
| Proxy | a light, low-resolution copy of footage for smooth editing, swapped for the original at export | "Make half-resolution ProRes Proxy files." |
| Captions vs subtitles | text of speech and sounds for viewers who can't hear; text of speech for viewers who don't understand the language | "Closed captions with sound cues in an SRT file." |
| Open vs closed captions | burned into the picture vs a file viewers can turn on and off | "Open captions for Reels; closed captions for YouTube." |
| Lower third | a name or title graphic in the lower part of the frame | "Lower third with her name and bakery." |
| Punch-in | a digital zoom into the same shot to fake a second angle | "Punch in 120% on the key line." |
| Speed ramp | changing playback speed smoothly within a clip | "Speed ramp into slow motion as the flour drops." |
Shot sizes
| Shot | Abbreviation | Frames | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extreme wide | EWS, ELS | the place, people small | scale, establishing |
| Wide (full) | WS, LS | whole body with space | action, geography |
| Medium wide (cowboy) | MWS, MLS | knees or mid-thigh up | movement plus expression |
| Medium | MS | waist up | conversation, presenter |
| Medium close-up | MCU | chest up | interviews |
| Close-up | CU | face | emotion, emphasis |
| Extreme close-up | ECU | eyes, hands, a detail | intensity, texture |
The workflow
| Stage | What happens | Where AI helps |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Ingest and organize | copy cards with verification, back up (two copies minimum), name files, sort into bins | naming schemes, folder templates |
| 2. Sync and transcribe | sync separate audio by waveform or timecode; make transcripts | speech-to-text inside editors |
| 3. Log and select | watch everything; mark selects; make stringouts | summarizing transcripts, finding topics and quotes |
| 4. Paper edit | plan the story from the transcript: soundbites in order | a chat assistant drafts it from a timecoded transcript |
| 5. Assembly | lay everything in story order, long and loose | text-based editing builds it from the paper edit |
| 6. Rough cut | structure works; length close; B-roll roughed in | structure notes, B-roll ideas, generated B-roll for gaps |
| 7. Fine cut | trims to the frame, rhythm, J- and L-cuts, final B-roll | review notes against your goals |
| 8. Picture lock | timing frozen | export lists and EDLs for hand-off |
| 9. Sound | dialogue cleanup, room tone, effects, music edit, mix to loudness target | voice isolation, auto ducking, music retiming |
| 10. Color | normalize log, correct, match, grade | auto color match as a starting point |
| 11. Graphics and captions | titles, lower thirds, captions | auto captions, caption cleanup prompts |
| 12. QC and deliver | watch it all; export per platform; archive project and media | spec sheets and checklists |
An offline edit uses proxies; the online (or conform) relinks to full-quality media for finishing. Avoid fine-tuning sound and color before picture lock: every timing change after that is rework.
1/8
Organize: copy the cards with verification, back up, sync the audio, transcribe, and mark the best takes (selects).
Editing craft
Story, pacing and rhythm
- Structure first. Order beats so each answers a question the last one raised. If a section can be removed without the viewer missing it, remove it.
- Pace by information. Cut when the viewer has understood the shot, not when it ends. Hold longer on emotion.
- Vary the rhythm. Fast stretches need slow ones around them to feel fast.
- Cut for the ear. Speech has rhythm: cut on breaths and sentence ends, and remove false starts and repetition.
- Speech length. Narration typically runs about 130–160 words per minute; a 60-second script is roughly 140 words.
Cuts and transitions
| Technique | What it does | Use when |
|---|---|---|
| Straight cut | instant change | default; most cuts |
| Cut on action | hides the cut in movement | moving between angles of the same action |
| J-cut | sound leads picture | introducing a new scene or speaker smoothly |
| L-cut | sound trails picture | letting a line land over reaction or B-roll |
| Match cut | links two shots by shape, motion or sound | jumps in time or place with meaning |
| Jump cut | skips time in one shot | energetic vlogs; deliberate discontinuity |
| Smash cut | abrupt contrast | comedy, shock |
| Cross dissolve | one shot fades through the other | time passing; use sparingly |
| Fade to or from black | opens or closes | starts, endings, big breaks |
Shots, coverage and continuity
- 180° rule. Crossing the line flips screen direction: two people seem to swap sides. Re-establish with a shot on the line, a moving camera that crosses it, or a cutaway.
- 30° rule. Two shots of the same subject from almost the same angle read as a jump; cut to a different size or angle, or cover with B-roll.
- Interview cuts. Hide cuts in an interview with B-roll, a change of angle, or a punch-in; or own them as jump cuts.
- Continuity. Watch hands, props, drinks, hair and light across cuts; viewers notice more than you expect.
Sound
Viewers forgive bad picture before bad sound.
| Task | How | Watch for |
|---|---|---|
| Dialogue | consistent level, noise reduction, EQ, de-essing | over-processed "underwater" voice |
| Room tone | lay it under the whole scene; fill every gap | sudden dead silence between cuts |
| Sound design | ambience and effects that sell the place | B-roll that is silent |
| Music bed | edit music on its phrases; end on a musical ending | music fighting the voice; cuts mid-phrase |
| Ducking | lower music while people talk, by keyframes or automatic ducking | pumping (music bouncing up and down) |
| Mix and loudness | measure integrated loudness and true peak at the end | clipping; very different loudness between versions |
| Target | Integrated loudness | True peak |
|---|---|---|
| EBU R 128 (European broadcast) | −23 LUFS | −1 dBTP |
| ATSC A/85 (US broadcast) | −24 LKFS (LKFS and LUFS are the same scale) | per the broadcaster's spec, often −2 dBTP |
| Web and social video (common practice, not a single standard) | about −14 to −16 LUFS | −1 dBTP |
Streaming platforms normalize loudness during playback, so mixing much louder than these gains nothing and can cost dynamics.
Color
| Step | What | Tools |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Normalize | convert log footage to the display color space (Rec.709 for SDR) with the camera maker's LUT or a color space transform | LUT, color space transform |
| 2. Correct | fix exposure, white balance, contrast | waveform, RGB parade |
| 3. Match | make shots in a scene look like the same moment | side-by-side, scopes, auto match |
| 4. Grade | apply the creative look | curves, color wheels, creative LUTs |
| 5. Secondaries | targeted fixes: skin tones, sky, a distracting color | qualifiers, masks, vectorscope skin-tone line |
| 6. Check | review on a calibrated display and on a phone | scopes, reference monitor |
A creative LUT dropped straight on log footage is the most common amateur look: crushed shadows, odd skin. Correct first, then look.
Technical specs
Frame rates and shutter
| Frame rate | Where it is used | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 23.976 or 24 fps | film, most narrative, many YouTube creators | the "film look" motion |
| 25 fps | broadcast in PAL regions (Europe, much of Asia, Africa, Australia) | matches 50 Hz mains lighting |
| 29.97 or 30 fps | broadcast in NTSC regions (US, Japan), much online video | matches 60 Hz mains lighting (North America) |
| 50, 59.94 or 60 fps | sports, gaming, smooth motion | can be slowed to 40–50% on a 24 or 30 fps timeline |
| 120 fps and up | slow motion | conform to the timeline rate for slow playback |
The 180° shutter rule sets shutter speed to 1 ÷ (2 × fps): 1/48 (or 1/50) at 24 fps, 1/60 at 30, 1/120 at 60. Faster looks choppy, slower looks smeary. Edit on a timeline at the camera's frame rate; mixing rates causes judder that only careful conversion hides. Export at the same rate you shot.
Aspect ratios per platform
Platforms change specs and limits often; check each one's current help pages before delivering.
| Platform or use | Aspect ratio | Typical resolution |
|---|---|---|
| YouTube (standard), TV | 16:9 | 1920×1080, 3840×2160 |
| YouTube Shorts, TikTok, Instagram Reels, Stories | 9:16 | 1080×1920 |
| Instagram and Facebook feed | 4:5 or 1:1 | 1080×1350, 1080×1080 |
| LinkedIn, X | 16:9, 1:1, 4:5 or 9:16 | 1080 px on the short side |
| Cinema | 1.85:1 (flat) or 2.39:1 (scope) | as delivered to the venue |
On vertical platforms, buttons, captions and the username overlay the bottom and right of the frame. Keep faces, text and logos in the central area, and test with the platform's own safe-zone guide or a screenshot of its UI.
Codecs, proxies and bit rate
| Codec | Type | Use |
|---|---|---|
| H.264 (AVC) | long-GOP delivery codec | universal delivery; heavy to edit |
| H.265 (HEVC) | long-GOP, more efficient than H.264 | 4K and HDR delivery; phones record it; heavier to decode |
| AV1 | efficient delivery codec | used by streaming platforms; hardware support still varies |
| Apple ProRes (Proxy, LT, 422, 422 HQ, 4444) | intra-frame editing and mastering codec | editing, masters, hand-off |
| Avid DNxHD, DNxHR | intra-frame editing and mastering codec | the same jobs, common in Avid workflows |
| Camera raw (Blackmagic RAW, REDCODE, ProRes RAW) | sensor data with processing deferred | maximum grading latitude |
Long-GOP codecs store complete frames only every so often and the differences in between: small files, slow scrubbing. Intra-frame codecs store every frame whole: large files, smooth editing. That is why editors make proxies (for example ProRes Proxy or DNxHR LB at half or quarter resolution) from long-GOP camera files.
Export settings per platform
| Deliverable | Container and codec | Video | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| YouTube (Google's recommended upload settings) | MP4, H.264 High Profile, progressive, closed GOP of half the frame rate, variable bit rate | source frame rate; SDR 1080p ≈ 8 Mbps at 24–30 fps or 12 Mbps at 48–60; 4K ≈ 35–45 or 53–68 Mbps | AAC-LC, 48 kHz |
| Vertical social | MP4, H.264 | 1080×1920, source frame rate, a generous bit rate since the platform re-encodes | AAC, 48 kHz |
| Master | MOV or MXF, ProRes 422 HQ or DNxHR HQ/HQX | source resolution and frame rate | uncompressed PCM, plus separate stems (dialogue, music, effects) |
| Review link | MP4, H.264 | 1080p, modest bit rate, timecode burned in | AAC |
Captions and subtitles
| Item | What to know |
|---|---|
| Formats | SRT (simple, accepted almost everywhere), WebVTT (.vtt, web players, supports styling), SCC (US broadcast); open captions are burned into the picture |
| Line length and reading speed | Netflix's English guide, a widely used reference: at most 42 characters per line, 2 lines, and up to 20 characters per second for adult programs (17 for children's) |
| SDH | subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing add speaker IDs and sound cues: [door slams], [music fades] |
| Accessibility | WCAG requires captions for prerecorded video with audio (success criterion 1.2.2, level A) |
| Burned-in style | 1–2 lines, sentence case, high contrast (box or outline), inside the safe area, never covering faces |
| Proofread | auto captions miss names, jargon and punctuation; check every line and its timing |
AI in the edit
Chat assistants
A chat assistant can't see your timeline. It works from what you give it: a transcript with timecodes, a log of shots, the script, an EDL or a list of clips. Some assistants accept video or frames, but don't trust their timestamps without checking.
| Job | Give it | Ask for | Verify |
|---|---|---|---|
| Script | goal, audience, length, voice, key facts | script with word count, timing, B-roll notes per line | facts; whether it sounds like the speaker |
| Shot list | script or outline, location, gear | table: shot number, size, angle, movement, lens, action, audio, duration | that it is shootable with your crew and time |
| Paper edit | timecoded transcript | soundbites in order with in/out timecodes and exact words | every timecode and word exists verbatim |
| EDL | the approved paper edit with reel names and timecodes | a CMX 3600-style text EDL | it imports; Premiere Pro and DaVinci Resolve import EDLs, Final Cut Pro uses its own FCPXML |
| Hooks | the transcript or the strongest moments | 10 hooks of under 8 words, each tied to a timecode | the hook is in the footage and isn't misleading |
| Notes | a description of the cut, or a timecoded list of sections | structure notes ranked by impact | that notes fit your goal and footage |
A frankenbite is a soundbite stitched from words said at different times. It can change what someone meant; in documentary and journalism it is an ethics problem. Ask the model to mark every edit inside a sentence.
TITLE: BAKER_60S_V1
FCM: NON-DROP FRAME
001 A001C003 V C 01:02:10:05 01:02:18:12 00:00:00:00 00:00:08:07
002 A001C007 V C 01:05:44:00 01:05:49:10 00:00:08:07 00:00:13:17Each line is one event: number, source reel, track, transition (C for cut), source in and out, record in and out. The lines above are illustrative at 24 fps.
AI features in editors
Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, Final Cut Pro and CapCut each offer some of these, under different names, in different tiers and versions. Features change quickly, so check your editor's current documentation.
| Feature | What it does | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Transcript-based editing | edit by deleting or rearranging words in a transcript | cuts land mid-breath or mid-word; add J- and L-cuts by hand |
| Auto captions | speech-to-text captions | names, jargon, punctuation, line breaks, timing |
| Silence and filler removal | cuts pauses and "um"s | too tight feels breathless; meaning can change |
| Auto reframe | tracks the subject to make 9:16 or 1:1 versions | misses the action, crops graphics; keyframe fixes |
| Scene cut detection | splits a flattened file at its cuts | false cuts on flashes and fast motion |
| Voice isolation, dialogue enhance | separates speech from noise | artifacts if pushed too far |
| Auto ducking | lowers music under speech | set amounts and fades by ear |
| Music retiming | lengthens or shortens a track to fit | check the ending and the edit points |
| Auto color match | matches a shot to a reference | skin tones; check scopes |
| Object masking and tracking | isolates a person or object | edge flicker |
| Generative extend and fill | adds frames to a clip or removes objects | artifacts; disclose where required |
Video generation for B-roll
Video generators (such as Runway, Veo, Sora, Kling and others) can fill B-roll gaps: establishing shots, abstract textures, simple actions. Their limits shape how you prompt.
| Part of the prompt | Example |
|---|---|
| Shot size and angle | "close-up, low angle" |
| Subject | "a baker's flour-covered hands" |
| Action (one) | "pressing and folding dough on a wooden counter" |
| Setting | "small bakery kitchen, before dawn" |
| Camera movement (one) | "slow push-in"; or "static, locked-off" |
| Lens and focus | "50 mm, shallow depth of field, background softly blurred" |
| Lighting and time | "warm practical light from a single bulb, blue window light" |
| Style | "documentary, natural color, subtle film grain" |
| Pacing | "slow, calm motion" |
| Audio (if the tool generates it) | "quiet kitchen ambience, no music, no dialogue" |
| Settings | duration, aspect ratio, resolution, frame rate, seed |
The same parts as a fill-in prompt for the generator (the shot list prompt in the library writes these for every gap):
[shot size: extreme wide | wide | medium | close-up | extreme close-up], [angle, e.g. low angle], of
[subject, e.g. a baker's flour-covered hands] [one action, e.g. pressing and folding dough]
in [setting and time, e.g. a small bakery kitchen before dawn].
Camera: [camera move: static | slow push-in | pan | tilt | tracking | handheld].
Lens: [lens, e.g. 50 mm, shallow depth of field].
Lighting: [lighting, e.g. warm light from a single bulb, blue window light].
Style: [style, e.g. documentary, natural color, subtle grain], to match footage shot on [camera, e.g. a Sony FX3 at 5600 K].
Motion: [pace, e.g. slow, calm]. Audio: [audio, e.g. kitchen ambience only, no music, no dialogue].
Duration [seconds, e.g. 5] s, aspect ratio [aspect ratio: 16:9 | 9:16 | 1:1], [frame rate: 24 | 25 | 30] fps.Google's Veo prompt guide recommends describing what you want instead of writing "no" or "don't"; tools differ, and some accept a separate negative prompt.
| Limit | What to do |
|---|---|
| Short clips (commonly about 5–10 seconds per generation; some tools extend) | plan B-roll as short shots; generate several and cut between them |
| Weak consistency across clips (faces, products, locations drift) | use image-to-video from one approved still, start and end frames, or reference images |
| Text, logos, hands, physics | avoid them in the shot; add text as graphics in the editor |
| Mismatched specs | generate at your aspect ratio; conform frame rate; grade to match your footage |
| Too clean | add grain, match lens and color, mix in real ambience |
| Rights and disclosure | check the tool's terms; don't depict real people without consent; platforms such as YouTube and TikTok ask creators to label realistic AI-generated content |
Brief the model
The Slot column says where each input goes in the prompt skeleton that every full prompt below uses.
| Input | Slot | Why it matters | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Goal and one-sentence story | <context>, <task> | everything is cut toward it | "why she quit finance to bake" |
| Platform, length, aspect ratio | <context> | sets pacing, structure and framing | "Reels, 60 s, 9:16, mostly watched muted" |
| Audience | <context> | sets tone and what needs explaining | "people thinking about a career change" |
| Footage inventory | <materials> | the model can only plan with what exists | "40 min interview, 2 angles; B-roll log attached" |
| Timecoded transcript | <materials> | the raw material for paper edits and hooks | speaker labels, timecode every line |
| Style references | <examples> | turns "make it good" into choices; one you dislike, with why, sharpens it | "pacing like a short documentary; calm, no whooshes" |
| Music | <context> | rhythm and mood | "one acoustic track, 92 BPM, licensed" |
| Brand rules | <requirements> | fonts, colors, intro and outro | "logo end card, 2 s, no intro" |
| Technical specs | <context>, <requirements> | frame rate, resolution, editor | "23.976 fps, 4K, DaVinci Resolve" |
| Standards and rules | <requirements>, <quality_bar> | names the method instead of a persona | "hook-body-payoff", "exact words only, mark [CUT]", "−14 LUFS" |
| Deliverables | <requirements>, <output_format> | versions and files | "60 s 9:16 with burned-in captions; 3 min 16:9; SRT" |
| Output format | <output_format> | something you can act on in the editor | "a table with timecodes, not prose" |
What to ask for
| Stage | Deliverable | Contents |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-production | script or outline | beats, lines, timing, B-roll notes |
| interview questions | open questions that get stories, not yes or no | |
| shot list | size, angle, movement, lens, action, audio, duration | |
| B-roll list | every shot needed to cover the script | |
| Logging | transcript summary | topics with timecodes, strongest moments |
| selects list | best takes with reasons | |
| Story | paper edit | soundbites in order with in/out timecodes and exact words |
| structure options | 2–3 orders of the same material | |
| hooks | 10 candidates with timecodes | |
| Cut | B-roll plan | which shot covers which line, by timecode |
| rough cut notes | structure, pacing, clarity issues ranked | |
| EDL | events for import or hand-off | |
| Finish | music cue sheet | where music starts, changes and ends |
| sound plan | ambience, effects, room tone, loudness target | |
| color notes | per scene: correction issues, look description | |
| captions | cleaned caption file, burned-in style spec | |
| titles and lower thirds | text, timing, positions | |
| Deliver | export spec sheet | per platform: codec, resolution, frame rate, bit rate, audio, captions |
| QC checklist | what to watch for before publishing |
The prompt chain
Four prompts, run in order, for the field's main deliverable: an edit plan for one video, meaning a paper edit from the timecoded transcript (ready to become an EDL), with the B-roll, pacing and platform specs to build it. Stage 1 gets the brief out of you, stage 2 makes you choose a structure, stage 3 writes the plan, and stage 4 checks it in a fresh chat, because a model reviewing its own draft shares its blind spots.
1. Interview
Run it first, when you have footage and only a rough idea of the video: it asks what an editor asks before cutting.
<context>
I have footage to edit into a video and I'm not an editor. What it
is: [one or two sentences, e.g. "a 40-minute interview with a baker
who left finance, plus some bakery footage"]. Where it goes: [e.g.
Instagram, maybe YouTube too].
</context>
<task>
Interview me before any edit is planned. I'll use my answers to
brief an edit plan: a paper edit from the transcript, with pacing
and platform specs.
</task>
<requirements>
- At most 10 questions, grouped under: Story, Viewer and platform,
Material, Structure, Delivery and rules.
- Cover the one-sentence story; the feeling at the end; the hook;
who watches, where, and with sound on or off; length; the footage
and transcript I have; the frame rate; the structure (three-act or
hook-body-payoff); music and its license; captions; versions; and
whether soundbites may be joined across answers.
- For each question: why it matters, and 2–3 typical answers.
</requirements>
<output_format>
Numbered questions under the five group headings, each with a
"Why:" line and a "Typical:" line.
</output_format>
<process>
Ask the questions and stop. Don't plan the edit yet. When I have
answered, write my answers back as a brief of at most 12 bullets and
list what is still missing.
</process>2. Options
Run it with the brief and the transcript: the same footage supports several structures, and the choice is yours.
<materials>
[paste the brief from stage 1]
[paste the timecoded transcript]
</materials>
<task>
Propose 3 materially different structures for this video from the
same material, so I can pick one to build as a paper edit.
</task>
<requirements>
- The structures differ in order and shape, not only in the hook:
for example a chronological three-act; a cold open on the
strongest moment, then back to the start; hook-body-payoff built
around one question.
- For each: the hook (timecode and exact words); the beats in order,
each with its soundbite and timecodes; the turn; the last line; the
estimated running time; what is lost; the B-roll it needs; the
risks (meaning changed by reordering, a missing shot).
- Only words that are in the transcript.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [CHECK
TIMECODE] where a timecode is uncertain.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Each structure tells the one-sentence story by the end.
- Each hook is in the footage and isn't misleading.
- The three would feel different to a viewer, not just reordered.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
One short table per structure (beat | in–out | exact words), then a
comparison table and a recommendation in 3 sentences: which, why,
and what would change your mind.
</output_format>
<process>
Stop after the recommendation and wait for my choice. End with a
list of the assumptions you made.
</process>3. Produce
Run it with the structure you picked: it writes the paper edit, the pacing and the delivery specs together, so the cut fits every platform it goes to.
<materials>
[paste the brief and the structure you chose]
[paste the timecoded transcript, with speaker labels]
[paste the B-roll log: clip name, timecode, what is in it]
</materials>
<context>
Video: [one-sentence story, e.g. "she traded money for mornings she
loves, and doesn't regret it"], for [audience, e.g. people thinking
about a career change].
Format: [format: interview documentary | explainer | vlog | multicam podcast | promo]
Footage: [cameras, resolution and frame rate, e.g. two angles, 4K,
23.976 fps].
Editor: [editor: Premiere Pro | DaVinci Resolve | Final Cut Pro | CapCut]
Versions: [versions: 9:16 Reels/TikTok/Shorts | 16:9 YouTube | 4:5 feed | 1:1 feed], length [e.g. 60 s].
Music: [track, BPM and license, e.g. "one acoustic track, 92 BPM,
licensed for social"].
</context>
<examples>
Edits I like: [1–2 videos, each with what to take, e.g. "calm
pacing, holds on faces, no whooshes"]
One I don't: [one, with why, e.g. "a jump cut every second"]
</examples>
<task>
Write an edit plan: a paper edit I can assemble from, a B-roll and
sound plan, a pacing map and the delivery specs, so I can build the
rough cut and export every version.
</task>
<requirements>
- Paper edit: each soundbite with source clip, in and out timecode,
speaker and exact words; any cut inside a sentence marked [CUT];
no join across answers that changes the meaning (no frankenbites).
Enter late, leave early.
- The chosen structure, with its beats labeled (hook, body beats and
payoff, or the three acts); the hook in the first seconds.
- For each soundbite: the B-roll that covers it, and a J-cut or
L-cut where the sound should lead or trail the picture.
- A pacing map: running time per beat, where to hold on emotion,
where the music changes; cut choices by Murch's rule of six
(emotion and story before rhythm).
- Delivery per version: aspect ratio and resolution, the frame rate
as shot, codec and container, captions (at most 42 characters per
line and 2 lines), loudness about −14 LUFS integrated and −1 dBTP
true peak for web (−23 LUFS, EBU R 128, for broadcast).
- An event list in CMX 3600 EDL fields at the project frame rate.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [CHECK
TIMECODE] where a timecode or word isn't in the transcript, and
[NEEDS SOURCE] for any fact said on screen.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Every soundbite's words and timecodes match the transcript
exactly.
- The running time adds up to the target, beat by beat.
- The one-sentence story is clear by the end; every beat earns its
place.
- Each version's specs match its platform: aspect ratio, safe area,
loudness, captions.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
1. A paper edit table (# | beat | clip | in | out | exact words |
B-roll | J/L cut | running total). 2. A pacing map (beat | seconds |
note). 3. Music and sound notes, at most 5 bullets. 4. A delivery
table, one row per version (aspect ratio | resolution | fps | codec
| captions | loudness). 5. The EDL event list as plain text.
</output_format>
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions you
made.
</process>4. Review
Run it in a fresh chat with the transcript, the brief and the plan: the critic should not be the author.
<materials>
<transcript>
[paste the timecoded transcript]
</transcript>
<brief>
[paste the brief]
</brief>
<draft>
[paste the edit plan]
</draft>
</materials>
<task>
Review this edit plan before I assemble it. This is a fresh chat:
judge it only against what is here.
</task>
<requirements>
- For every soundbite: quote the transcript line it came from, with
its timecode; flag any mismatch in words or timecodes, any cut
inside a sentence not marked [CUT], and any join that changes the
meaning.
- Score each check 1–5 with one line of evidence: story; hook;
pacing; cuts (motivated, J- and L-cuts placed); truthfulness; the
sound plan; specs per platform; rights (music, generated shots).
- Add up the running time and compare it with the target.
- Don't rewrite the plan. Don't praise it.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [CHECK
TIMECODE] where you can't find a line.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Every flag quotes the transcript.
- Fixes are ranked by their effect on the viewer, worst first.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
A verification table (# | words in the plan | words in the
transcript | match), a score table, then at most 7 fixes ranked.
</output_format>
<process>
End with a list of the assumptions you made.
</process>Goals and loops
In an agent that runs commands and checks its own work, such as Claude Code, the Produce stage can run until it
measurably passes: /goal keeps starting turns until a condition holds, and /loop repeats a prompt or skill on
an interval. The checker reads only the conversation, so every condition below names a check whose output Claude
prints, the constraints that must survive, and a bound. How to write your own:
Goals and loops.
| Task | Completion condition |
|---|---|
| Delivery check | /goal ffprobe shows 1080x1920 at 30 fps and a duration under 60 s, ffmpeg -i out.mp4 -af ebur128=peak=true -f null - reports integrated loudness of −14 LUFS ±1 and true peak at or below −1 dBTP (quote its summary), and no caption line is over 42 characters (print the longest); or stop after 10 turns |
| Paper edit | /goal edl.csv covers every soundbite in the plan, every row's timecodes exist in the transcript (print the check), and no row joins two answers without a [CUT] mark; or stop after 10 turns |
| Captions | /goal python check_srt.py captions.srt reports no overlapping cues, at most two lines and 42 characters per line, and at most 20 characters per second (show its summary); or stop after 8 turns |
Loops that fit: while a long render or upload runs, /loop 10m to check its progress and report when it finishes or fails.
What a checker can't judge: pacing, emotion and whether the story lands. Watch it, ideally with someone who hasn't seen it.
Prompt library
One entry per thing an editor, producer or finishing artist hands over. Quick is the minimum that still works;
Full fills in the skeleton. Replace every […] and delete the optional slots you leave empty.
Script
Stage: produce · Use when: you need a script for a talking-head, explainer or voice-over video before you shoot.
Quick
Write a script for a [length, e.g. 60-second] [platform: Reels | TikTok | Shorts | YouTube]
video for [audience, e.g. first-time founders]: a table of time range,
spoken words, and B-roll or on-screen text per line, at about 140
words per minute, with 3 hook options under 8 words. Check the word
count fits the length, and mark claims I must verify [NEEDS SOURCE].Full
<materials>
[paste key facts, notes or an outline, or write "none"]
</materials>
<context>
Video: [length, e.g. 90 s] for [platform: Reels | TikTok | Shorts | YouTube | LinkedIn], [aspect ratio: 9:16 | 16:9 | 4:5 | 1:1].
Audience: [who, e.g. people thinking about a career change].
Goal: [what viewers should think, feel or do, e.g. "book a trial class"].
Speaker: [who, and how they talk, e.g. "the baker: plain, warm,
short sentences"].
Viewing: [sound: mostly muted | mostly sound on].
</context>
<examples>
Scripts or videos I like: [1–2, each with what to take, e.g. "talks
straight to camera, one idea per line"]
One I don't: [one, with why, e.g. "opens with 'hi guys'"]
</examples>
<task>
Write a shooting script, so the speaker can record it and I can plan
the B-roll from it.
</task>
<requirements>
- Structure: [structure: hook-body-payoff | three-act | problem-solution | list].
- Spoken words at about 130–160 words per minute; state the word
count.
- 3 alternative hooks under 8 words; the first line also works
muted, as on-screen text.
- B-roll or on-screen text for every line, from things that can be
filmed.
- Must include: [facts and the call to action, e.g. "classes start
in May; link in bio"].
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [NEEDS
SOURCE] for any claim I must verify.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- The hook gives a reason to stay within the first seconds.
- The word count fits the length at the speaker's pace.
- Read aloud, every line sounds like the speaker.
- Every line has a picture.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
The 3 hooks, then a table (time range | spoken words | B-roll or
on-screen text), then the word count and running time.
</output_format>
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions you
made.
</process>Shot list
Stage: produce · Use when: before a shoot, or when the footage can't cover the script and you must decide what to film, buy or generate.
Quick
From this script [paste], make a shot list for [location, e.g. a small
bakery] with [crew and gear, e.g. 2 people, one camera, 24–70 mm]:
shot number, script line, size, angle, movement, lens, action, audio,
duration, priority. Group by setup, mark gaps stock or a video
generator could fill, and check every script line is covered.Full
<materials>
[paste the script or paper edit]
[paste the footage log, if some is already shot]
</materials>
<context>
Shoot: [location and time, e.g. a small bakery, 5–9 a.m.], crew of
[number, e.g. 2], [camera and lenses, e.g. one mirrorless camera,
24–70 mm], [hours, e.g. 4] to shoot.
Delivery: [aspect ratio: 16:9 | 9:16 | both], at [frame rate: 23.976 | 24 | 25 | 29.97 | 30] fps.
Footage look: [e.g. "natural light, 35 mm feel, slight grain"].
</context>
<task>
Write a shot list and a B-roll gap plan, so the shoot covers every
line and I know how each gap gets filled.
</task>
<requirements>
- Columns: shot number; the script line it covers; shot size (EWS to
ECU); angle; camera movement; lens; action; audio needs; duration;
priority (must or nice).
- Grouped by setup to save time; the 180° rule kept for two-person
scenes.
- 5 cutaways or inserts that can cover jump cuts in the interview.
- For each line with no coverage: film it, use stock, use a screen
recording or generate it. For generated shots, a video-generation
prompt: shot size, subject, one action, setting, one camera move,
lens, lighting, style matched to the footage look, duration,
aspect ratio and frame rate.
- No generated shots that need readable text, logos, hands doing
precise work, or real people's faces.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [NEEDS
SOURCE] where support is missing.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Every script line has at least one shot.
- The list fits the hours given (durations plus setup changes).
- Generated shots match the real footage in lens, light and color.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
The shot list as a table grouped by setup, then a gap table (script
line | solution | generation prompt, if generated).
</output_format>
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions you
made.
</process>Short-form clips
Stage: produce · Use when: you are turning a long video, interview or podcast into vertical clips.
Quick
From this transcript of a [source, e.g. 45-minute podcast] [paste], find
the 3 best moments for [platform: Reels | TikTok | Shorts] clips of [clip length, e.g. 30–60 s]:
in and out timecodes, why each stands alone, 5 on-screen hooks under 8
words, and where to punch in or add B-roll. Exact words only; check
each clip makes sense to someone who hasn't seen the rest.Full
<materials>
[paste the timecoded transcript, with speaker labels]
</materials>
<context>
Source: [what it is, e.g. a 50-minute video podcast, two cameras].
Clips for: [platform: Reels | TikTok | Shorts], 9:16, [clip length, e.g. 30–60 s].
Audience: [who, e.g. small-business owners].
Viewing: mostly muted, so the captions carry the story.
</context>
<examples>
Clips I like: [1–2, each with what to take, e.g. "opens mid-sentence
on the punchline, then explains"]
One I don't: [one, with why, e.g. "the hook is a tease the clip
never pays off"]
</examples>
<task>
Pick and plan [number, e.g. 3] short clips, so I can cut them
without watching the whole source again.
</task>
<requirements>
- Each clip stands alone: it makes sense to someone who hasn't seen
the rest, with its own hook, body and payoff.
- In and out timecodes and exact words; any cut inside a sentence
marked [CUT]; no change of meaning.
- 5 hook options per clip: on-screen text under 8 words, plus a
spoken opener if the clip should start elsewhere.
- Something changes on screen every few seconds (punch-ins, B-roll,
on-screen text), with timecodes.
- Burned-in captions inside the safe area, clear of the platform's
buttons along the bottom and right.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [CHECK
TIMECODE] where a timecode is uncertain.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Every hook is in the footage and isn't misleading.
- Each clip's running time is within the target.
- Each clip works watched muted, with captions only.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
Per clip: a header (title, in–out, running time), a table (timecode
| words | on-screen change), the 5 hooks and the post caption.
</output_format>
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions you
made.
</process>Caption file
Stage: produce · Use when: your editor made auto captions and you need them correct before you publish.
Quick
Clean up this SRT from auto captions [paste]. Correct these names and
terms: [paste the list]. Fix punctuation and casing; at most 42
characters per line and 2 lines per caption; split at phrase breaks;
keep timecodes unless a caption must split. Return valid SRT, then
list every change, and check no other word changed.Full
<materials>
[paste the SRT or VTT file]
[paste names, places and terms with their correct spelling]
</materials>
<context>
Video: [what it is and who for, e.g. a bakery interview for adults].
Captions: [captions: open, burned in | closed, as a file | both]
Kind: [kind: same-language captions | SDH with sound cues | translated subtitles]
Platform: [e.g. Instagram Reels and YouTube].
</context>
<task>
Correct and reformat the caption file, so it is accurate, readable
and accepted on upload.
</task>
<requirements>
- House style from Netflix's English timed-text guide: at most 42
characters per line and 2 lines, up to 20 characters per second
for adult programs (17 for children's).
- Fix the spelling of the names and terms given, punctuation and
casing.
- Split at natural phrase breaks; never split a name across lines.
- Keep every timecode unless a caption must split; then divide the
time at the phrase break.
- For SDH: speaker IDs and sound cues in square brackets.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [CHECK
AUDIO] where you can't tell what was said; never guess a word.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- The file parses: sequential numbers, HH:MM:SS,mmm --> HH:MM:SS,mmm
timings, a blank line between captions.
- No caption runs over 2 lines, 42 characters per line or 20
characters per second.
- No word changed except the listed corrections.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
The corrected file in one code block, then a change table (caption
number | before | after | reason).
</output_format>
<process>
End with a list of the assumptions you made.
</process>Sound plan
Stage: produce · Use when: picture is locked and you need music, ambience and loudness that make the cut feel finished.
Quick
My locked cut as sections with timecodes: [paste]. Music: [track, e.g.
2:40, 92 BPM, intro-verse-chorus-outro]. Make a music cue sheet (start,
changes, hits, ducks, an ending on a phrase that lands on the last
frame) and a sound plan (ambience, effects, room tone) for [target: web −14 LUFS | broadcast −23 LUFS].
Check that music never covers a line of dialogue without a duck.Full
<materials>
[paste the locked cut as sections: timecode in–out, what is said,
what is on screen]
</materials>
<context>
Music: [track, length, BPM and structure, e.g. "2:40, 92 BPM: intro
8 bars, verse, chorus, outro"], licensed for [use, e.g. social and
YouTube].
Delivery: [target: web about −14 LUFS | broadcast EBU R 128 −23 LUFS | US broadcast ATSC A/85 −24 LKFS | podcast feed −16 LUFS]
Editor: [editor: Premiere Pro | DaVinci Resolve | Final Cut Pro | CapCut]
</context>
<examples>
Mixes I like: [1–2 videos, each with what to take, e.g. "music almost
gone under speech, swelling only on B-roll"]
One I don't: [one, with why, e.g. "music pumps up between every
sentence"]
</examples>
<task>
Write a music cue sheet and a sound plan for the locked cut, so I
can finish the audio in one pass.
</task>
<requirements>
- Cue sheet: where music starts, changes, hits a beat and ends;
edit points on musical phrases; the ending lands on the last frame.
- Ducking: where music drops under dialogue, by how many dB, and
the fade lengths, without pumping.
- Sound plan: ambience per scene, effects for B-roll that would
otherwise be silent, room tone under every gap.
- Loudness: the integrated target and the true-peak ceiling,
measured on the full mix with an ITU-R BS.1770 meter.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [NEEDS
SOURCE] where support is missing, and label dB amounts as starting
points to set by ear.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- No music sits under speech without a duck.
- Every music edit falls on a phrase boundary.
- Every B-roll shot has sound.
- The loudness targets match the delivery chosen.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
A cue table (timecode | music event | level | note), a sound table
(timecode | ambience or effect | source), and the mix targets in 3
lines.
</output_format>
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions you
made.
</process>Color notes
Stage: produce · Use when: the camera shot log and the footage looks gray and flat, or shots in a scene don't match.
Quick
I shot [camera and log profile, e.g. Sony FX3, S-Log3] for SDR web,
editing in [editor: Premiere Pro | DaVinci Resolve | Final Cut Pro]. Give me the color order
(normalize to Rec.709, correct, match, grade, secondaries), the scopes
to read for exposure and skin, and how to build a [look, e.g. warm
early-morning] look from basic tools. Check skin on the vectorscope.Full
<materials>
[optional: describe or attach stills of the problem shots]
</materials>
<context>
Footage: [camera and log profile, e.g. Sony FX3, S-Log3 and S-Gamut3.Cine], white balance [e.g. 5600 K, fixed].
Delivery: [delivery: SDR Rec.709 web | SDR broadcast | HDR]
Editor: [editor: Premiere Pro | DaVinci Resolve | Final Cut Pro]
Scenes: [list, e.g. interview angle A, angle B, bakery B-roll under
mixed light].
</context>
<examples>
Looks I like: [1–2 films or videos, each with what to take, e.g.
"soft contrast, warm highlights, natural skin"]
One I don't: [one, with why, e.g. "crushed teal-and-orange"]
</examples>
<task>
Write color notes and a pipeline for this project, so every shot is
corrected, matched and graded in the right order.
</task>
<requirements>
- Order: normalize log to Rec.709 (the maker's LUT or a color space
transform); correct exposure, white balance and contrast; match
the shots in each scene; grade; then secondaries.
- Per scene: the correction issues to look for and the shot to
match to.
- Scopes: what to read on the waveform, RGB parade and vectorscope
for exposure, balance and skin tones.
- The look as basic adjustments (curves, color wheels, saturation),
not a downloaded creative LUT.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [NEEDS
SOURCE] where support is missing, and label values as starting
points.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- No creative look goes on before normalizing and correcting.
- Skin tones are checked against the vectorscope's skin-tone line.
- The grade is checked on a calibrated display and on a phone.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
The pipeline as numbered steps for the chosen editor, a per-scene
table (scene | issue | fix | match to), and the look as a recipe.
</output_format>
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions you
made.
</process>Delivery spec
Stage: produce · Use when: the cut is finished and every export must be right the first time, with a QC pass before upload.
Quick
I'm delivering [project, e.g. a 3-minute brand film] as [versions, e.g.
YouTube 16:9, Reels 9:16, a master]. Source: [e.g. 4K, 23.976 fps,
Rec.709]. Make a delivery table (container, codec, resolution, fps, bit
rate, audio, loudness, captions, file name) and a QC checklist, and
mark [VERIFY] beside every platform spec to confirm on its help page.Full
<materials>
[optional: the client's delivery spec, or the platform help pages
you checked]
[paste the cut list: sections with timecodes]
</materials>
<context>
Project: [what it is, e.g. a 3-minute brand film and its cutdowns].
Source: [resolution, frame rate and color space, e.g. 4K, 23.976
fps, Rec.709].
Versions: [versions: 16:9 YouTube | 9:16 Reels/TikTok/Shorts | 4:5 feed | 1:1 feed | master | review link]
Editor: [editor: Premiere Pro | DaVinci Resolve | Final Cut Pro | CapCut]
</context>
<task>
Write a delivery spec and a QC checklist, so every version exports
correctly and nothing broken reaches a platform or the client.
</task>
<requirements>
- Per version: container and codec; resolution; the frame rate as
shot; bit rate; audio codec and sample rate; loudness; captions
(burned in or a file); safe areas; file name.
- YouTube per Google's recommended upload settings; the master as
ProRes 422 HQ or DNxHR HQ with PCM audio and separate stems; the
review link with timecode burned in.
- A QC checklist with timecodes from the cut list: flash frames,
black frames, sync, audio pops, caption errors and timing, text
under platform UI, loudness jumps between sections, the end card.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [VERIFY]
beside each platform spec I should confirm on its current help
page.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Every version keeps the source frame rate.
- Nothing important sits under the platform UI in vertical versions.
- Every loudness value matches its destination.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
A delivery table with one row per version, then the QC checklist as
checkboxes with timecodes.
</output_format>
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions you
made.
</process>Rough cut review
Stage: review · Use when: you have a cut and want an editor's notes before you trim it.
Quick
Review my rough cut, given as sections with timecodes, words and
pictures: [paste]. Goal: [e.g. viewers book a class]; target [e.g. 60
s], now [e.g. 1:35]. Notes in order: story, pacing, clarity, then cuts,
each with timecode, problem and fix, plus what to lose to hit the
target. Skip color and sound, and check every note names a timecode.Full
<materials>
<brief>
[paste the brief or the one-sentence story]
</brief>
<cut>
[paste the cut as sections: timecode in–out, what is said, what is
on screen]
</cut>
</materials>
<context>
Stage: [stage: assembly | rough cut | fine cut]
Length: target [e.g. 60 s], now [e.g. 1:35].
Platform: [platform: Reels | TikTok | Shorts | YouTube | LinkedIn]
</context>
<examples>
A cut I'd like this to feel like: [one video, with what it does
well]
</examples>
<task>
Give editor's notes on the cut, so I know what to change before the
next version.
</task>
<requirements>
- Notes in priority order: story and structure, then pacing, then
clarity, then individual cuts (Murch's rule of six: emotion and
story before rhythm and eye-trace).
- For each note: the timecode, the problem and a specific fix.
- What to cut to reach the target length, with timecodes.
- Notes that fit the stage: at a rough cut, structure, not trims.
- Don't comment on color or sound yet. Don't rewrite the cut.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [CHECK
TIMECODE] where a timecode is uncertain.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Every note names a timecode.
- After the fixes, the one-sentence story is clear by the end.
- The proposed cuts add up to the seconds needed.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
A notes table (priority | timecode | problem | fix), then the cut
list (timecode | seconds saved | running total).
</output_format>
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions you
made.
</process>Worked example
Weak prompt
Edit my interview with the baker into a cool short video for
Instagram.What's wrong
- The model can't see the footage, so all it can give is generic tips.
- No length, aspect ratio, story, audience or hook.
- No transcript or footage log: nothing to cut from.
- No output you can follow in an editor, and "cool" means nothing.
Strong prompt
<materials>
<transcript>
[paste the timecoded transcript of the 40-minute interview]
</transcript>
<broll>
[paste the B-roll log: clip, timecode, what is in it]
</broll>
</materials>
<context>
A 40-minute interview with a baker who left a finance job: two
angles, 4K, 23.976 fps, plus 15 minutes of bakery B-roll. The video
is for people considering a career change. Story in one sentence:
"she traded money for mornings she loves, and doesn't regret it."
Feeling at the end: hopeful, a little defiant.
</context>
<task>
Build a paper edit for a 60-second Instagram Reel, so I can assemble
it in DaVinci Resolve.
</task>
<requirements>
- Hook-body-payoff: a hook in her own words, three beats, a last
line.
- Each soundbite: clip, in and out timecodes, exact words; any cut
inside a sentence marked [CUT]; never join answers in a way that
changes what she meant.
- About 55 s of speech in total.
- For each soundbite, the B-roll from my log that covers it, and a
J-cut or L-cut into it where that helps.
- One music change, placed by timecode.
- 9:16 with burned-in captions; most viewers watch muted.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write [CHECK
TIMECODE] where you can't find a line in the transcript.
</requirements>
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Every soundbite's words and timecodes match the transcript.
- No join changes her meaning.
- The running time adds up to about 55 s.
- The first line works as on-screen text with the sound off.
</quality_bar>
<output_format>
Five hook options (timecode and exact words), then a table: # | beat
| clip | in | out | exact words | B-roll | J/L cut | running total.
Then the music change in one line.
</output_format>
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change your
answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions you made.
</process>What came back
The reply, illustrative, abridged (timecodes at 23.976 fps, so the last field counts frames 0–23):
Hooks
1 00:04:12:08 "I made more money and hated every day."
2 00:22:40:02 "Four a.m. is my favorite hour now."
...
# Beat Clip In Out Exact words B-roll Cut Total
1 Hook A001C003 00:04:12:08 00:04:15:20 "I made more money and hated every day." - - 3.5 s
2 Then A001C003 00:06:01:12 00:06:13:00 "I'd sit in the quarterly review B07 office window, L 15.0 s
counting ceiling tiles. [CUT] I knew I'd dusk
do that for thirty more years."
3 Turn A001C004 00:18:22:00 00:18:34:12 "My grandmother's starter sat in my B03 starter jar, J 27.5 s
fridge for six years. One Saturday I hands
baked with it..."
4 Now A001C005 00:22:40:02 00:22:56:02 "Four a.m. is my favorite hour now. [CUT] B11 ovens at dawn L 43.5 s
It's just me, the ovens and the radio..."
5 Payoff A001C003 00:12:41:03 00:31:09:12 "I don't miss it. The money was never B15 her, smiling - 48.5 s
the point."
6 End A001C005 00:38:02:10 00:38:08:10 "If you're thinking about it, start on - - 54.5 s
a Saturday."
Music change at 27.5 s (row 3, the turn): sparse piano into the full
acoustic track.
Assumptions: B-roll codes refer to your log; she is happy for the
grandmother story to be used.How an expert judged it
Checked against the prompt's <quality_bar>:
- First line muted: pass. The hook is her own words, 3.5 s long, and reads as on-screen text.
- Story: pass. Then, turn, now, payoff tells the one-sentence story, and the music change lands on the turn.
- Running time: pass on its own sums, 54.5 s; but row 5's 5 s can't come from its in and out points, which are 18 minutes apart.
- No join changes her meaning: fail on row 5. Those in and out points can't be one soundbite: it joins two answers with no [CUT] mark. In the transcript, "I don't miss it" at 00:12:41 is about the commute, and at 00:31:05 she says "I do miss the money, honestly. But the money was never the point." The join drops "I do miss the money" and makes her say the opposite. That is a frankenbite, the one thing the brief ruled out.
- J- and L-cuts: pass. L-cuts carry her voice over the B-roll; the J-cut lets the kitchen sound arrive before the turn's first picture.
- Not yet checked: whether rows 2–4 are word for word. That is stage 4's job, in a fresh chat.
The follow-up
Row 5 joins 00:12:41 ("I don't miss it", which is about the commute)
to 00:31:05, where she says "I do miss the money, honestly. But the
money was never the point." The join reverses her meaning. Replace
row 5 with one continuous soundbite that makes the payoff in her own
words (00:31:05:00–00:31:09:12, kept whole, is a candidate), or keep
a join only if her meaning survives, marked [CUT]. Then quote the
transcript line and timecode for every row, and update the running
total.Judge the output
The same checks are the ones in every <quality_bar> on this sheet. Use the table to judge any answer, and paste it
into the review stage when a model should score a draft for you in a fresh chat.
| Check | Good | Red flag |
|---|---|---|
| Story | the one-sentence story is clear by the end | interesting moments with no through-line |
| Hook | the first seconds give a reason to stay | a slow intro, logo or "hi guys" |
| Pacing | varies; holds on emotion; cuts when the point is made | same shot length throughout; dead air; breathless jump cuts |
| Cuts | each one motivated; continuity holds; 180° respected | jumps between similar angles; crossed lines; flash frames (a stray frame or two of another shot) |
| Truthfulness | soundbites keep the speaker's meaning | frankenbites that change what was said |
| Sound | clean dialogue, room tone under gaps, music ducked, consistent loudness | pops at cuts, silent gaps, music drowning speech, clipping |
| Color | shots matched; skin tones natural; no unconverted log | flat gray footage; mismatched angles; orange or green skin |
| Captions | accurate, well timed, readable, inside safe areas | misspelled names; captions under platform UI |
| Specs | right aspect ratio, frame rate, codec, bit rate, loudness | letterboxed vertical video; judder; wrong frame rate |
| Rights | music and generated footage licensed; AI content labeled where required | unlicensed tracks; unlabeled realistic AI shots |
Pitfalls
| Pitfall | Why it hurts | Instead |
|---|---|---|
| Expecting a chat model to "edit the video" | it can't see or touch your timeline | give it transcripts and logs; ask for paper edits and plans |
| Trusting AI timecodes | models misquote, merge or invent timecodes | demand exact words and verify every one |
| Cutting before knowing the story | hours lost to polishing the wrong cut | write the one-sentence story and paper edit first |
| Polishing before picture lock | color and sound work is redone after every change | lock picture first |
| Creative LUT straight on log | crushed shadows, odd skin | normalize, correct, then grade |
| Music too loud | viewers miss words, especially on phone speakers | duck under speech; test on a phone |
| Auto captions unreviewed | wrong names and words in public | proofread every caption |
| Over-aggressive silence removal | speech sounds robotic | leave breaths; remove only dead air |
| AI B-roll that doesn't match | the cut looks pasted together | match lens, light, grain and color; keep shots short |
| One export for every platform | crops, letterboxing, unreadable text | deliver a version per aspect ratio with its own framing |
References
- YouTube recommended upload encoding settings (opens in a new tab): container, codec, bit rates and audio settings
- English (USA) Timed Text Style Guide (opens in a new tab): Netflix's caption and subtitle rules
- DCMP Captioning Key (opens in a new tab): guidelines for captioning quality and style
- Captions/Subtitles (opens in a new tab): W3C WAI guidance on captions for accessibility
- WebVTT (opens in a new tab): the W3C caption format for web video
- EBU R 128 (opens in a new tab): the European loudness recommendation
- ATSC A/85 (opens in a new tab): US broadcast loudness practice
- ITU-R BS.1770 (opens in a new tab): the loudness and true-peak measurement standard behind LUFS
- Apple ProRes white paper (opens in a new tab): ProRes flavors, data rates and quality
- Google Veo prompt guide (opens in a new tab): prompt elements, camera and lens terms for video generation
- Runway Academy (opens in a new tab): tutorials for a widely used video generator
- DaVinci Resolve training (opens in a new tab): free official books and courses on editing, color and audio
- Final Cut Pro User Guide (opens in a new tab): Apple's official manual
- Premiere Pro User Guide (opens in a new tab): Adobe's official manual
- CapCut (opens in a new tab): a common editor for short-form video
- Types of camera shots (opens in a new tab): shot sizes with examples