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Architectural design

Prompting chat assistants and image generators about buildings and interiors when you are not an architect: how architects move through the design phases, the vocabulary that gets precise answers, what to put in a brief, which deliverables to ask for by name, a four-prompt chain that takes a small building or renovation from interview to a reviewed schematic design, a prompt library (programs, zoning summaries, passive design, interiors, renders, remodel scopes, plan critiques) and how to judge the result. The general method and the prompt skeleton are in Prompting fundamentals; modeling the building yourself is Buildings & scenes; the scale above one building is City design & planning.

How experts think

  • Program and site before form. An architect starts with who uses the building, for what, how often, and what the site gives and forbids. The look comes last. Asking a model for "a modern house" skips the part that decides whether the house works.
  • One organizing idea. A good scheme has a parti (the central idea: "rooms around a courtyard", "a long bar facing the view") that every later decision serves.
  • Big to small. Site and orientation, then massing, then plan organization, then rooms, then details. Choosing tiles before deciding which way the living room faces wastes the expensive decisions.
  • Options, then criteria. Designers sketch three or more schemes and compare them against ranked priorities instead of polishing the first idea. Ask the model for options and a comparison table, not one answer.
  • Section as much as plan. Light, ceiling height, level changes and views happen in section. A plan alone hides half the design.
  • Constraints are material. Setbacks, budget, sun, slope and code shape the form; experts treat them as design input, not obstacles.
  • Everything costs area and money. Every square meter is built, heated and cleaned. Corridors, oversized rooms and complex shapes are paid for forever.
  • Design the experience. How a body approaches, enters, turns and what it sees next (procession, threshold, compression and release) is what people remember.

The design phases

US practice follows the phases in the American Institute of Architects (AIA) owner–architect agreements; other countries use other names (the UK's RIBA Plan of Work has stages 0–7), but the sequence is similar. Each phase costs more to change than the one before.

PhaseQuestion it answersTypical outputsWhere a model helps
Pre-design (programming, feasibility)what do we need, and can this site and budget hold it?program, area schedule, adjacency matrix, site analysis, zoning summary, budgetdrafting the program, summarizing zoning text you paste, listing questions
Schematic design (SD)what is the big idea and rough form?parti diagrams, massing options, rough plans and sections, rough costgenerating and comparing options, mood images, critique
Design development (DD)how does it work and what is it made of?dimensioned plans, sections, elevations; materials; structure and building systems (mechanical, electrical, plumbing: MEP) coordinated; outline specificationschecking plans against the program, material comparisons, room data sheets
Construction documents (CD)exactly what gets built?detailed drawings and specifications for permit and constructionchecklists, schedules, explaining drawing conventions; never the drawings themselves
Bidding or negotiation (called procurement in the 2017 AIA agreement)who builds it, for how much?bid set, addenda, bid comparisoncomparing bids line by line, questions for bidders
Construction administration (CA)is it being built as designed?site visits, requests for information (RFIs), submittal and shop-drawing review, change orders, punch listdrafting RFIs and punch lists, explaining a change order

AIA basic services begin at schematic design; pre-design is usually an additional service, which is why homeowners often skip it, and why it is the phase where a chat assistant adds the most.

freedom to change cost of each change AIA basic services start Pre pre-design (programming) SD schematic design DD design development CD construction documents Bid bidding or negotiation CA construction administration ← a chat assistant adds the most in pre-design time → curves show shape, not data
Decide the expensive things early, while changing them is still a conversation.

Vocabulary

TermWhat it meansSay it like
Programthe list of spaces, sizes, users, activities and relationships a building must hold"Write the program for a three-bedroom house for a family of four, two working from home"
Area schedulethe program as a table: space, quantity, net area, total"Give an area schedule with net and gross totals"
Net / gross areanet (usable) area excludes walls, circulation and services; gross floor area (GFA) includes them"State the grossing factor you used to go from net to gross, and why"
Adjacency matrixa grid rating how close each pair of spaces should be"Make an adjacency matrix: must touch, near, neutral, keep apart"
Bubble diagramcircles sized by area, linked by adjacency: the step between program and plan"Describe a bubble diagram grouping public, private and service zones"
Partithe central organizing idea of a scheme"Propose three partis: courtyard, linear bar and split-level"
Massingthe overall 3D volumes before detail"Show three massing options inside the zoning envelope"
Footprintthe area a building covers on the ground"Keep the footprint under 40% of the lot"
Circulationhow people move: halls, stairs, lifts, paths"Minimize circulation; no corridor longer than 6 m"
Thresholdthe transition between zones: street to door, public to private"Design a threshold from the sidewalk to the front door with a covered pause"
Processionthe choreographed sequence of spaces on approach"Describe the procession from the parking lot to the main hall"
Compression and releasea low or narrow space before a tall or wide one, which then feels larger"Use a low entry hall that releases into the double-height living room"
Datuma line, plane or volume that other elements reference: a continuous sill or shelf line"Run a datum at door-head height for windows and shelving"
Axisa line that orders elements, often symmetric"Organize the plan on an axis from the entry to the garden view"
Proportionratio of parts to each other and the whole"Keep rooms between 1:1 and 1:1.6 in proportion"
Scalesize relative to the human body or the surroundings"Keep the street front at human scale: two floors, then step back"
Rhythmrepetition at intervals: columns, windows, bays"Give the facade a regular rhythm of 1.2 m window bays"
Double-heighta space spanning two floors"Add a double-height living room with a gallery above"
Clerestorya band of windows above eye level, often in a raised roof section"Bring north light into the studio through clerestory windows"
Cantilevera structure supported at one end, projecting beyond its support"A 2 m cantilevered balcony; flag it for a structural engineer"
Pochéthe solid mass of walls and thick zones, shaded dark in plan; also the thick zones that hide storage and services"Use 600 mm deep poché walls for storage and ducts"
Figure-groundbuildings drawn black, open space white, to read urban form"Draw a figure-ground of the block around the site"
Served and servant spacesLouis Kahn's split between main rooms and support (stairs, bathrooms, shafts)"Put servant spaces in a band along the north wall"
Corethe vertical stack of stairs, lifts, shafts and bathrooms"Place the core centrally so each apartment gets two exposures"
Grid / baythe repeated structural spacing and the space between two grid lines"Use a 6 × 6 m column grid"
Open (free) planfew fixed walls; the structure stands on columns"Open-plan kitchen, dining and living with a sliding partition to the study"
Enfiladerooms in a row with aligned doorways, giving a long view through"Align the doors in an enfilade through the three living rooms"
Prospect and refugeJay Appleton's (1975) idea that people like places where they can see out while feeling sheltered"Make the reading nook a refuge: low ceiling, back to the wall, wide view out"
Fenestrationthe arrangement of windows and doors in a facade"Keep fenestration sparse on the west, generous on the south"
Setbackthe required distance from the building to a lot line"Respect 6 m front and 1.5 m side setbacks"
Stepbackupper floors pulled back from the facade below"Step back the third floor 3 m from the street"
Zoning envelopethe 3D volume zoning allows: setbacks, height, angles, coverage"Describe the maximum zoning envelope from these rules"
FAR (floor area ratio)total floor area ÷ lot area"With FAR 0.5 on a 600 m² lot, what is the maximum floor area?"
Load paththe route loads take from roof to foundation"Trace the load path for the open corner"
Envelopeeverything separating inside from outside: walls, roof, floor, windows"Detail the envelope for a cold climate: continuous insulation, airtight layer"
Thermal bridgea conductive path through the insulation (steel, a concrete balcony slab)"Identify thermal bridges at the balcony and window heads"
Egressthe path out of a building in an emergency"List the egress questions this layout raises"
Entouragepeople, trees, vehicles and furniture added to drawings and renders for scale and life"Add sparse entourage: two people walking, one bicycle, mature trees"
Material palettethe small set of materials a design uses throughout"Limit the palette to four materials: brick, oak, steel, lime plaster"

Site analysis

The site decides more than the style. Ask the model to organize what you know and to list what you still need to find out; it cannot see your site unless you give it facts, photos and maps.

FactorWhat to find outWhy it mattersWhere to get it
Sun paththe sun's position through the day and yearwhere light and heat arrive; what needs shadingSunCalc (opens in a new tab), Ladybug Tools, a solar app
Orientationwhich way each facade facesin the Northern Hemisphere, south glass gets winter sun that an overhang can shade in summer; east and west get low sun that is hard to shade; north gets even, diffuse light (flip north and south below the equator)site plan with true north
Windprevailing direction by seasoncross ventilation, sheltered outdoor spaces, snow drifta wind rose for the nearest weather station
Viewswhat to frame, what to screenwhere the big windows gosite photos from each direction
Topographyslope, contours, drainage pathsfoundations, steps, where water flows, cost of cut and fillsurvey, contour map
Access and noisestreet, parking, footpaths, noise sourcesentry location, which rooms face wheremap, site visit
Setbacks and zoning envelopefront, side and rear setbacks; height limit; FAR; lot coverage; permitted uses; parkingthe legal box the building must fitthe local zoning code and map; the planning department
Soils and utilitiesbearing capacity, groundwater, water, sewer, powerfoundation type and cost; what connects wherea geotechnical report, the utility providers
Contextneighbors' heights, materials, historic district rulesfit, overlooking, design reviewphotos, the local preservation office
Climateheating- or cooling-dominated, humidity, rainfallthe whole passive design strategyUS: IECC climate zone; elsewhere the national code's climate map

A useful number for prompts: the noon sun's altitude is about 90° − latitude at the equinoxes, plus or minus 23.4° at the solstices. At 40° N that is ≈ 73° in late June and ≈ 27° in late December, which is why a modest overhang shades a south window in summer and not in winter.

Sun path at 40° N, seen from above N S E W Jun 21, noon 73° equinox 50° Dec 21, noon 27° • = noon South window at noon, in section Jun 73° Dec 27° 0.6 m overhang window 0.9–2.1 m winter sun reaches ≈ 4 m in inside south Jun: window shaded · Dec: sun deep inside
Same window, same overhang: shade in June, sun deep inside in December (Northern Hemisphere).

Programming

Three tools turn a wish list into something a designer can plan.

  • Area schedule. One row per space: quantity, net area each, total, notes (who, when, special needs). Net areas are summed, then multiplied by a grossing factor for walls, circulation and services. The factor varies a lot by building type and layout, so make the model state the one it used.
  • Adjacency matrix. Every pair of spaces rated (must touch, near, neutral, keep apart). It exposes conflicts: the guest room that should be private and next to the entry.
  • Bubble diagram, then blocking. Bubbles sized by area show grouping (public, private, service). For several floors, a stacking or blocking diagram assigns zones to floors before any walls are drawn.
Example area schedule (what to ask the model to produce)
 
Space            Qty  Net m² each  Total  Notes
Living              1        28      28   south, garden view
Kitchen + dining    1        24      24   adjacent to living
Bedroom 1           1        14      14   en-suite, quiet side
Bedrooms 2–3        2        11      22   share bath 2
Bath 1 (en-suite)   1         5       5
Bath 2              1         5       5
Study               1         9       9   acoustically separate
Laundry + storage   1         6       6
                                ------
Net total                       113
Grossing factor              × 1.25   (state the assumption)
Gross floor area                ≈ 141 m²

The same program as an adjacency matrix, then as a bubble diagram:

Adjacency matrix entry living kitchen + dining study bedroom 1 bath 1 (en-suite) bedrooms 2–3 bath 2 laundry + storage must touch near keep apart blank: neutral Bubble diagram (area to scale) living 28 m² kitchen + dining 24 m² study 9 m² bed 1 14 m² bath beds 2–3 2 × 11 bath entry laundry 6 m² public private work, service
The matrix lists every pair; the bubbles turn it into groups a plan can follow.

Drawing types

DrawingWhat it showsAsk for it whenTypical scale
Site planbuilding on the lot: setbacks, access, landscape, north arrowchecking fit and approach1:200–1:500
Floor plana horizontal cut, conventionally about 1.2 m above the floor, looking downroom layout, circulation, furniture fit1:50–1:100 (US: 1/4" or 1/8" = 1'-0")
Reflected ceiling planthe ceiling as if mirrored onto the floor: lights, soffits, heightslighting and ceiling designas the plan
Sectiona vertical cut through the buildingceiling heights, light, level changes, stairs1:50–1:100
Elevationone face of the building, uncut, flat-onfacade composition, window rhythm, materials1:50–1:100
Axonometrica measurable 3D view with parallel lines (isometric, plan oblique)explaining massing or assemblyany
Perspectivethe view as an eye or camera sees it (one-, two- or three-point)experience and mood: rendersn/a
Detailan enlarged junction: wall section, window head, stair nosinghow it is built1:5–1:20
Diagraman idea, not a drawing to build from: parti, zoning, circulation, sunexplaining a schemen/a
Scheduledoors, windows, finishes as tablescoordination and pricingn/a

Plan, section and elevation of one small house, and where each one is taken:

slice level at 1.2 m, lift the top off, look down slice upright through the house, look along the arrow no cut: stand in front, look straight at one face Floor plan cut at 1.2 m, seen from above Section vertical cut, seen from the side Front elevation one face, flat-on, nothing cut living kitchen counter cut walls solid; below the cut thin (the counter is 0.9 m high) plan cut ceiling follows the roof door beyond back front window heights, ceilings and the roof only show here roof seen from the front materials, windows, proportions

1/3

Plan: slice the house level at about 1.2 m, lift the top off and look down. Cut walls are drawn solid; things below the cut, like the counter, in thin lines.

Styles and movements

A style name is a shortcut for dozens of features. Image generators average a style into its cliché, so name three to five specific features alongside it. Describe qualities rather than naming a living architect whose signature you would be copying.

StylePeriodSignature featuresExamplePrompt words
Classical / Neoclassicalantiquity; revived 18th–19th c.orders (columns), symmetry, pediments, proportion systemsthe Pantheon, Rome"symmetrical facade, Doric columns, pediment, limestone"
Gothic12th–16th c.pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, tall glassNotre-Dame de Paris"pointed arches, ribbed vault, stained-glass lancets"
Arts and Craftsc. 1860–1920shandcraft, honest materials, deep eaves, exposed joineryRed House, Bexleyheath (Philip Webb for William Morris)"exposed timber joinery, handmade tile, deep eaves"
Art Nouveauc. 1890–1910organic curves, decorative ironwork, whiplash linesHôtel Tassel, Brussels (Victor Horta)"sinuous wrought iron, floral mosaic, curved stair"
Art Deco1920s–1930sgeometric ornament, setbacks, vertical emphasis, chevronsChrysler Building, New York"stepped setbacks, chevron ornament, polished metal"
Modernism / International Style1920s–1960sno ornament, flat roofs, ribbon windows, columns (pilotis), open planVilla Savoye (Le Corbusier)"white render, ribbon windows, pilotis, flat roof"
Mid-century modernc. 1945–1970post-and-beam, big glass, indoor–outdoor livingEames House, Los Angeles"post-and-beam, floor-to-ceiling glass, warm wood"
Brutalism1950s–1970sraw board-formed concrete, heavy repeated massingBarbican Estate, London"board-formed concrete, deep-set windows, massive volumes"
Postmodernism1960s–1990shistorical references used playfully, color, bold ornamentVanna Venturi House (Robert Venturi)"oversized broken pediment, pastel colors, playful ornament"
High-tech1970s onwardexposed structure and services, steel and glassPompidou Center, Paris (Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers)"exposed steel trusses, color-coded ducts, glass"
Deconstructivism1980s onwardfragmented, tilted, non-rectilinear formsGuggenheim Museum Bilbao (Frank Gehry)"fragmented tilted volumes, titanium cladding"
Critical regionalismcoined by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre (1981), developed by Kenneth Frampton (1983)modern, but rooted in local climate, light and materialBagsværd Church (Jørn Utzon)"local brick, climate-specific shading, quiet modern forms"
Parametricism2000s onwardalgorithmic, continuous curved surfacesHeydar Aliyev Center, Baku (Zaha Hadid Architects)"continuous flowing white surfaces, no right angles"
Vernacularalwaysa place's traditional forms and local materialsadobe houses, Japanese minka"local stone, steep thatched roof, small deep windows"

Structure and materials

You do not need to engineer anything to prompt well, but you need enough to spot nonsense.

ConceptWhat it meansWhy it matters in a prompt
Load pathevery load (roof, floors, people, snow) must travel continuously down to the foundationwalls and columns that do not stack above each other need transfer beams, which are expensive
Dead, live and lateral loadsthe building's own weight; people and furniture; wind and earthquakelateral loads need bracing, shear walls or rigid frames, which limit "all glass" corners
Bearing walls vs framewalls carry the load, or a frame of beams and columns does and walls only enclosea frame frees the plan (open plan, big windows); bearing walls fix it
Spanthe distance between supportslonger spans need deeper beams or slabs and cost more; ask how deep the structure gets
Cantilevera projection with no support at its outer endneeds a back-span or heavy connection; always an engineer's job
Foundationshow the building meets the grounddepends on soil and water: a geotechnical question, not a design style
MaterialGood atWatch forPrompt words
Timber (light frame, glulam, cross-laminated timber: CLT)fast, light, warm, prefabricatedmoisture, fire design, acoustics between floors"exposed CLT ceiling, glulam beams"
Masonry (brick, block, stone)compression, durability, thermal massweak in tension; openings need lintels or arches"Flemish-bond brick, soldier-course lintels"
Concrete (cast-in-place, precast)spans with reinforcement, fire resistance, massformwork cost, cracking, embodied carbon"board-formed concrete, exposed aggregate"
Steellong spans, slender membersfire protection, corrosion, thermal bridges"slender black steel frame, exposed I-beams"
Glasslight and viewsheat loss and gain, glare, privacy, cost"floor-to-ceiling glazing with deep overhangs"

Building science basics

ConceptWhat it meansDesign move to ask for
Control layersan envelope must control rain, air, vapor and heat, each in a continuous layer"Trace the water, air, vapor and thermal layers through this wall section"
R-value / U-valueR is resistance to heat flow (higher is better); U is heat flow through an assembly (lower is better), roughly 1 ÷ R"Compare wall assemblies by U-value; say which units you use" (US R-values and metric RSI differ by ≈ 5.7×)
Thermal bridgeconductive material crossing the insulation"Find thermal bridges and propose breaks at slabs and balconies"
Airtightnesshow much air leaks, tested with a blower door (ACH50: air changes per hour at 50 Pa)the Passive House standard targets 0.6 ACH50
Daylightinguseful daylight from windows and skylightsrule of thumb: daylight reaches roughly 1.5–2× the window head height into a room
Solar gain and shadingsun through glass heats the room (rated by SHGC, solar heat gain coefficient)horizontal overhangs on the equator side; vertical fins or louvers on east and west
Thermal massheavy materials that store heat and smooth temperature swingspair with winter sun and night ventilation
Natural ventilationcross ventilation (openings on opposite sides) and stack effect (warm air rises out high openings)"Give each main room openings on two sides"
Passive designorientation, shading, insulation, mass and ventilation before machines"Propose passive strategies for a hot-humid climate, ranked by impact"

Codes, egress and accessibility

Codes are jurisdiction-specific. In the US most states adopt the International Building Code (IBC) and International Residential Code (IRC) from the International Code Council, often amended, plus a fire code and an energy code; the edition differs by state and city. In England, the Building Regulations and their Approved Documents apply (Part B fire safety, Part M access); EU countries have national codes. Zoning (use, height, setbacks, parking) is a separate set of rules from the building code.

TopicWhat it controlsExample to verify locally
Occupancythe use classification that drives every other requirementa house, an office and a café above a shop are treated differently
Construction typefire resistance of the structurehow tall and large a timber building can be
Means of egressnumber of exits, travel distance, door swing, corridor and stair dimensionsIBC calls it exit access, exit and exit discharge; IBC commercial stairs allow risers up to 7 in (178 mm) with treads of at least 11 in (279 mm), the IRC allows 7¾ in risers and 10 in treads in houses
Accessibilityroutes, doors, ramps, toilets, parkingUS: the 2010 ADA Standards (commercial and public buildings), the Fair Housing Act for many multifamily buildings; internationally ISO 21542:2021 (voluntary unless adopted). ADA examples: a 60 in (1525 mm) wheelchair turning circle, ramps no steeper than 1:12, doors with at least 32 in (815 mm) clear width
Fire separationrated walls and floors between units, garages, stairsgarage-to-house walls, apartment party walls
Light and ventilationwindows or mechanical ventilation in habitable roomsbedroom window size and sill height (also an emergency escape in many codes)
Energyinsulation, windows, airtightness, equipmentUS: the IECC or ASHRAE 90.1 as adopted

Prompting image generators for renders

Image generators (Midjourney, Flux, Ideogram, Adobe Firefly and others; features change quickly) respond to the vocabulary of architectural photography. Specify the shot like a photographer would.

LeverOptionsExample words
Vieweye-level street view, aerial, interior one-point, worm's-eye, section perspective, axonometric cutaway"eye-level view from across the street"
Camera heighteye level ≈ 1.6 m; low for monumentality; high for layout"camera at 1.6 m, level"
Lens24 mm wide interior; 35 mm natural; 50–85 mm detail; tilt-shift for straight verticals"24 mm, tilt-shift, vertical lines parallel"
Time and weathergolden hour, blue hour with lights on, overcast, after rain, snow"blue hour, warm interior light, wet pavement"
Light directionraking sun, backlight, soft overcast"low winter sun raking across the brick from the left"
Materialsspecific nouns, not adjectives"board-formed concrete, weathered zinc roof, oiled oak, lime-washed brick"
Entouragepeople, trees, vehicles, furniture: sparse or busy"two people walking, one bicycle, mature street trees, no cars"
Image stylearchitectural photography, watercolor sketch, line drawing, physical model photo"photo of a chipboard and basswood massing model"
Aspect ratio3:2 or 16:9 exteriors; 4:5 interiors"3:2"
Avoiddistorted verticals, extra floors, text, warped windows"no text, no lens distortion, consistent window grid"

To keep the geometry yours, block out the massing in SketchUp or Blender, screenshot it and use the generator's image-to-image or structure-reference mode so the render follows the screenshot. Expect window counts that change between views, floors that do not line up and structure that cannot stand: renders are for mood, not for building.

Brief the model

Each input has a slot in the prompt skeleton (see Prompting fundamentals); the Slot column says where it goes.

InputWhy it mattersExampleSlot
Project type and phasesets depth: a program is not a detail"New single-family house, pre-design"<context>
Site factsorientation, slope and views drive the layout"15 m wide, 40 m deep; street to the north, rear garden faces south and falls 2 m; view west"<context>; a survey or site plan in <materials>
Climatedecides passive strategy"Cold winters, hot dry summers, Denver area"<context>
Zoning limitsthe legal envelope"Setbacks 6 m front, 1.5 m sides, 7.5 m rear; height 9 m; FAR 0.5"the district text in <materials>
Users and activitiesthe program comes from these"Two adults working from home, two children 8 and 11, grandparents visit monthly"<context>
Program or wish listwhat spaces, how big"Three bedrooms, two studies, open kitchen, mudroom"<materials>
Budgetsets size and complexity"Construction budget $650,000 excluding land and fees"<requirements>
Ranked prioritieslets the model trade off"1. Daylight 2. Low energy bills 3. Storage 4. Style"<requirements>
Constraintsexisting structure, accessibility needs, timeline"One bedroom and bath on the ground floor, step-free"<requirements>
Style referencesthree adjectives and three features beat a style label"Calm, warm, robust; brick, deep window reveals, exposed timber"<examples>, with why you like each
Output formatmakes the answer checkable"Tables, metric units, numbered options"<output_format>
Your knowledge levelavoids jargon or over-explaining"I'm a homeowner; define terms the first time"<context>

What to ask for

StageDeliverables to ask for by nameWhat a model is good for here
Pre-designprogram; area schedule with grossing factor; adjacency matrix; bubble-diagram description; site analysis summary; zoning envelope summary from pasted rules; feasibility check against budgetstructure and completeness: everything you forgot to list
Schematic designthree partis; massing options compared in a table; rough plan as a dimensioned room list or SVG; sun and view strategy; mood images; design critiquedivergence: options you would not have thought of, and honest comparison
Design developmentroom data sheets (size, finishes, fixtures, power, light); material palette with pros and cons; outline specification; window and door schedule draft; passive design checklistchecklists and consistency checks
Construction documents and permitpermit checklist questions for your building department; drawing-set index; specification section listexplaining conventions; what to ask, never what to build
Biddingbid comparison table; scope-gap list; questions for each bidderreading three bids side by side
ConstructionRFI drafts; change-order review; punch list template; meeting minuteswriting and organizing

The prompt chain

The main deliverable is a schematic design for a small building or renovation: a program, the site response, massing options, plan and section sketches you can check, and render prompts that keep the geometry. Run the four prompts in order and paste each answer into the next; they follow the order architects work in: pre-design questions, partis, schematic design, then a design review.

1. Interview

Use first, before any drawing: the model asks what an architect asks at the first client meeting.

<context>
Project: [project: new house | addition | renovation | ADU], at
[location and climate, e.g. Denver, cold winters, hot summers].
I'm not an architect.
</context>
 
<task>
Interview me the way an architect runs pre-design, before any
design work. Don't propose layouts or styles yet.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- At most 10 questions, grouped: site and zoning; users and
  program; budget and schedule; priorities and taste.
- For each question: why it matters to the design, and two or
  three typical answers I can pick from or adapt.
- Include the facts I must look up (north direction, slope,
  setbacks, height limit, FAR, lot coverage) and where to find
  each one.
</requirements>
 
<process>
Ask all the questions in one message, then stop and wait for my
answers. When I answer, restate the brief as a bullet list, mark
missing facts [NEEDS SOURCE] and zoning or code items
[CHECK LOCAL CODE], and end with a list of the assumptions you
made.
</process>

2. Options

Use once the brief is confirmed: partis that differ in organization, compared before anything is drawn.

<materials>
[paste the confirmed brief from stage 1, and a program or area
schedule if you have one]
</materials>
 
<task>
Propose [number of options: 2 | 3 | 4] materially different partis
for this project, so I can choose one to develop in schematic
design.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- The options differ in organization, not decoration: e.g.
  [parti families, e.g. courtyard, long bar, split-level, compact
  block around a core].
- For each: a name and a one-sentence organizing idea; massing
  (floors, footprint dimensions, roof form); the fit inside the
  buildable envelope, with the arithmetic; sun, view and privacy
  response; circulation; relative cost and structural complexity
  (low, medium or high).
- No style talk yet.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [NEEDS SOURCE] where support is missing, and [CHECK LOCAL CODE]
  for any zoning or code rule I haven't pasted.
</requirements>
 
<output_format>
A short section per option, then a table scoring every option 1-5
against my ranked priorities with a one-line reason per score,
then your recommendation and what I give up by taking it.
</output_format>
 
<process>
Stop after the recommendation and wait for my choice. End with a
list of the assumptions you made.
</process>

3. Produce

Use after you pick an option: the full skeleton, filled in for the schematic design package.

<materials>
[paste the brief from stage 1, the chosen option from stage 2, and
any site plan, survey notes or zoning text]
</materials>
 
<context>
[who you are and the project, e.g. homeowners planning a two-story
house for a family of four; not architects]
Phase: schematic design. North is [direction of north, e.g. toward
the street]. Latitude [latitude, e.g. 39.7° N].
The package goes to
[next reader: me only | an architect I'll hire | a contractor].
</context>
 
<examples>
[paste 1-3 houses or rooms you like and 1 you don't, each with why,
e.g. "my aunt's kitchen: light from two sides, a window seat"]
</examples>
 
<task>
Develop option [chosen option, e.g. B, "courtyard L"] into a
schematic design package I can review with an architect.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- Work big to small: site and orientation, massing, plan
  organization, rooms. Stay within AIA schematic-design scope: no
  construction details.
- Area schedule: net m² per space, a grossing factor with its
  reason, net and gross totals; check gross floor area against FAR
  and the footprint against lot coverage, with the arithmetic.
- Plans: a dimensioned room list per floor, then an SVG plan drawn
  to scale at [scale, e.g. 1:100] with a north arrow.
- One section through the main living space: floor-to-ceiling
  heights, level changes, roof form, and where the sun reaches in
  June and December (overhang depth reasoning).
- Passive design by facade: shading, glazing, cross-ventilation.
- Accessibility, describing the step-free route if there is one:
  [access need: none | one step-free bedroom and bath | full].
- Three render prompts (street, garden, main interior) that keep
  this massing.
- Units: [units: metric | US customary].
- Egress, stairs, fire separation and accessibility: mark
  [CHECK LOCAL CODE]; the IBC, IRC and ADA apply only as adopted
  where I build. Spans over [span, e.g. 6 m], cantilevers, removed
  walls and retaining walls: flag for a structural engineer.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [NEEDS SOURCE] where support is missing.
</requirements>
 
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- The building fits inside the setbacks and height limit, with the
  buildable width and depth computed.
- Areas sum, gross = net × the stated factor, and the same numbers
  appear in the schedule, the plans and the section.
- Main rooms face the sun or the view; every habitable room has a
  window; no bedroom is reached through another room.
- Walls stack between floors, or the transfer is flagged.
- Furniture fits: a queen bed (≈ 1.5 × 2.0 m) with clearance on
  three sides, dining for the whole household.
</quality_bar>
 
<output_format>
Sections in this order: site response; massing; area schedule
(table); plans per floor (room-list table, then SVG); section
(described, with heights); passive strategy (table by facade); code
and engineer flags; render prompts.
</output_format>
 
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions
you made.
</process>

4. Review

Run this in a fresh chat with only the brief and the package: a model reviewing its own draft shares its blind spots, so a clean context catches what the author missed.

<materials>
<brief>
[paste the brief from stage 1]
</brief>
<draft>
[paste the schematic design package from stage 3]
</draft>
</materials>
 
<task>
Review this schematic design against the brief, as a design
review. Critique only: don't rewrite or redesign it.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- Score each criterion 1-5 with evidence quoted from the draft:
  program fit; site response; circulation; furniture fit; daylight
  and air; structure; code awareness; consistency between schedule,
  plans and section; cost realism.
- Recompute every area, FAR and setback figure yourself.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [NEEDS SOURCE] where support is missing; mark code questions
  [CHECK LOCAL CODE] instead of ruling on them.
</requirements>
 
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your review against:
- Every score cites a line or a number from the draft.
- Each problem comes with the cheapest fix that solves it.
- Nothing in the review redesigns the scheme.
</quality_bar>
 
<output_format>
A rubric table (criterion, score, evidence); the top 5 fixes ranked
by impact on the brief, each with the cost of changing it now (low,
medium or high); what can't be judged from text alone.
</output_format>
 
<process>
End with a list of the assumptions you made.
</process>

Goals and loops

In an agent that runs commands and checks its own work, such as Claude Code, the Produce stage can run until it measurably passes: /goal keeps starting turns until a condition holds, and /loop repeats a prompt or skill on an interval. The checker reads only the conversation, so every condition below names a check whose output Claude prints, the constraints that must survive, and a bound. How to write your own: Goals and loops.

TaskCompletion condition
Area schedule/goal python areas.py prints every room's area, the gross floor area, and FAR and lot coverage against the zoning limits, all within them; or stop after 10 turns. Limits marked [CHECK LOCAL CODE] stay unconfirmed
Plan to scale/goal plan.svg is drawn at 1 unit = 10 mm, every room in the schedule appears with its name and area label, and a script's measured areas match the schedule within 3% (print the comparison); or stop after 10 turns
Render prompts/goal three render prompts, each naming camera height, lens, time of day and the material palette from materials.md (quote the palette in each); or stop after 4 turns

Loops that fit: rarely: design doesn't change by itself. A weekly /schedule can watch a permit portal or a planning agenda for items on your site.

What a checker can't judge: code compliance, structure and whether the space works. Those belong to a licensed architect, an engineer and the building department.

Prompt library

One entry per deliverable. Quick is the minimum that still works; Full fills in the skeleton.

Program and area schedule

Stage: produce · Use when: you have a wish list and need a program a designer can plan from.

Quick

Turn this wish list into a room program for [building, e.g. a
three-bedroom house]: [paste wish list]. Give an area schedule (net
m², grossing factor with reason, gross total) and an adjacency matrix
(must touch, near, neutral, keep apart). Check that every total sums.

Full

<materials>
[paste your wish list, notes on how you live now, and the plan of
your current home if it helps]
</materials>
 
<context>
[household, e.g. two adults working from home, children 8 and 11,
grandparents visit monthly].
Project: [project: new house | addition | renovation | fit-out].
Climate: [climate, e.g. cold winters, hot dry summers].
I'm not an architect: define terms the first time you use them.
</context>
 
<examples>
[paste 1-2 homes or rooms that worked for you and 1 that didn't,
each with why, e.g. "old flat's hall: bags piled on the floor
because there was no drop zone"]
</examples>
 
<task>
Write the pre-design program and area schedule that schematic
design will start from, so I can see whether my wish list fits the
budget.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- Program: each space with purpose, users, hours of use, needs.
- Area schedule: space, quantity, net m² each, total; a grossing
  factor with the reason for that value; net and gross totals.
- Adjacency matrix: must touch, near, neutral, keep apart.
- Cost check: gross area × [cost per m², e.g. a local builder's
  figure] against [budget, e.g. $650,000 construction only].
- Mark each space must-have or nice-to-have from my priorities:
  [ranked priorities, e.g. 1. daylight 2. storage 3. guest room].
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [NEEDS SOURCE] where support is missing, e.g. for unit costs.
</requirements>
 
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- The schedule sums, and gross = net × the stated factor.
- Every wish-list item is in the program or listed as cut, with why.
- The matrix exposes the conflicts in my list (a private guest room
  next to the entry, a quiet study beside the kitchen).
- Room sizes fit their furniture; name the furniture you assumed.
</quality_bar>
 
<output_format>
Program table; area schedule table; adjacency matrix as a grid;
three conflicts with options for each; questions for schematic
design.
</output_format>
 
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions
you made.
</process>

Zoning envelope summary

Stage: produce · Use when: you have the zoning text for your lot and want the legal box in plain words before paying for design.

Quick

Here is the zoning text for my district: [paste district text]. Lot:
[lot, e.g. 15 × 40 m interior lot]. List uses, height, setbacks,
coverage, FAR and parking, quoting the clause for each; compute the
maximum footprint and floor area step by step. Mark anything the
text doesn't settle [CHECK LOCAL CODE].

Full

<materials>
[paste the zoning district text, any overlay rules, and the
definitions section; add the zoning map excerpt if you have it]
</materials>
 
<context>
Lot: [lot, e.g. 15 m wide × 40 m deep, interior lot, street on the
north]. District: [district from the zoning map, e.g. R-2]. I want
to know what I can build before I pay for design. I'm not a
planner.
</context>
 
<task>
Summarize the zoning envelope for this lot (the 3D box and the uses
the rules allow) as a one-page brief for a pre-application meeting.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- Cover permitted uses, including
  [extra use to check: ADU | home office | duplex | short-term rental];
  height and how it is measured; front, side and rear setbacks; lot
  coverage; FAR; parking; accessory buildings.
- Quote the clause behind every rule. Use only the text I pasted.
- Compute the buildable width and depth (lot minus setbacks), the
  maximum footprint and the maximum floor area, showing each step.
- Zoning only: building-code questions go in a separate list.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [CHECK LOCAL CODE] where the text doesn't settle a rule and
  [NEEDS SOURCE] for anything outside it.
</requirements>
 
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Every number is quoted from the text or computed from quoted
  numbers, and the arithmetic is redone once.
- Zoning and building code are kept apart.
- Ambiguities become questions, not guesses.
</quality_bar>
 
<output_format>
Table: rule, value, clause quoted, note. Then the envelope
arithmetic. Then numbered questions for the planning office.
</output_format>
 
<process>
End with a list of the assumptions you made.
</process>

Passive design strategy

Stage: produce · Use when: a scheme exists and you want it to answer the climate before the details are fixed.

Quick

Climate: [location, e.g. Denver, 39.7° N, heating-dominated]. Scheme:
[orientation and glazing, e.g. long side faces south, most glass
south]. Rank passive strategies for this climate by impact, with the
overhang depth for the south windows worked out from the sun angles.
Give a source or an assumption for every number.

Full

<materials>
[paste the scheme: orientation, plans or room list, glazing by
facade, construction type]
</materials>
 
<context>
Location: [city and latitude, e.g. Denver, 39.7° N]. Climate:
[climate: heating-dominated | hot-dry | hot-humid | mixed]. Goal:
[goal, e.g. low heating bills and no air conditioning].
</context>
 
<task>
Write a passive design strategy for this scheme that an energy
modeler or architect can then check.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- Rank by impact for this climate: orientation; shading by facade;
  glazing area and SHGC by facade; insulation and airtightness;
  thermal mass; natural ventilation (cross and stack).
- Overhangs: depth from the noon sun altitude at the solstices
  (≈ 90° − latitude ± 23.4°) and the window sill and head heights;
  show the trigonometry.
- Name the standard behind any target (e.g. Passive House 0.6
  ACH50); energy code requirements: [CHECK LOCAL CODE].
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [NEEDS SOURCE] where support is missing.
</requirements>
 
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- The advice fits this climate and orientation; it isn't a generic
  list.
- East and west glass get vertical shading or less glass, not
  overhangs alone.
- Every U-value, SHGC or ACH50 figure states its units and source.
- Each strategy says what an energy model or engineer should verify.
</quality_bar>
 
<output_format>
Table: strategy, what to do on this scheme, why, rough cost (low,
medium or high), what to verify. Then the overhang calculation.
</output_format>
 
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions
you made.
</process>

Interior directions

Stage: options · Use when: you need to choose a mood for a room before buying anything.

Quick

Room: [room, e.g. 4 × 5 m living room, south window, 2.6 m ceiling].
Give three distinct interior directions, each with a name, three
adjectives, a four-material palette and a lighting plan (ambient,
task, accent). Check that the furniture fits with 0.9 m walkways,
compare cost and upkeep in a table, then stop so I can choose.

Full

<materials>
[paste the room's dimensions, window and door positions, ceiling
height and what stays; attach photos]
</materials>
 
<context>
[how the room is used, e.g. family living room: two kids, a dog, TV
and reading]. Budget: [budget, e.g. $8,000 for furniture and
finishes].
</context>
 
<examples>
[paste 1-3 rooms you like and 1 you don't, each with why, e.g.
"liked: a Japanese inn room, calm because of the low, continuous
datum; disliked: an all-gray flat that felt like an office"]
</examples>
 
<task>
Propose three materially different interior directions for this
room so I can choose one before buying anything.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- The directions differ in material, light and mood, not only in
  color.
- Each: a name; three adjectives; a material palette of 4 specific
  nouns; a color palette (hex); a lighting plan (ambient, task,
  accent); key furniture with sizes; one image prompt (eye level,
  24 mm, natural light from the window side, 4:5).
- Say what my examples have in common and keep it in all three.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [NEEDS SOURCE] for prices you can't support.
</requirements>
 
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Furniture fits the room with walkways of about 0.9 m.
- Each direction suits how the room is used, including the people
  and pets I named.
- The three are distinct enough that choosing is a real decision.
</quality_bar>
 
<output_format>
Three short sections, then a table: direction, cost (low, medium or
high), maintenance, durability, fit with the use.
</output_format>
 
<process>
Stop after the table and wait for my choice. End with a list of the
assumptions you made.
</process>

Material palette and room data sheets

Stage: produce · Use when: in design development you need finishes and fixtures fixed room by room so they can be priced.

Quick

For [rooms, e.g. the kitchen, two baths and the hall], write room data
sheets (size; floor, wall and ceiling finishes; fixtures; power;
lighting) using a palette of at most four main materials. Compare
each material's durability, upkeep and cost in one table, and mark
any fire, slip or accessibility rule [CHECK LOCAL CODE].

Full

<materials>
[paste the room list or plan, the chosen scheme, and any products
you already like]
</materials>
 
<context>
Project: [project, e.g. a two-story house in a cold, snowy
climate]. Phase: design development. Users: [users, e.g. two
adults, two kids, a dog].
Upkeep I can live with: [maintenance: low | medium | high].
</context>
 
<examples>
[paste 1-3 buildings or rooms whose materials you like and 1 you
don't, each with why, e.g. "liked: brick, oak and lime plaster in a
small library, warm and robust; disliked: high-gloss white kitchen,
shows every fingerprint"]
</examples>
 
<task>
Write the material palette and a room data sheet for each of
[rooms, e.g. kitchen, two baths, hall, living room], so finishes and
fixtures can be priced.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- Palette: at most [main materials: 3 | 4 | 5] main materials used
  throughout, each with pros, cons, maintenance and relative cost.
- Room data sheet per room: size; floor, wall and ceiling finishes;
  fixtures; power and data points; lighting (ambient, task, accent);
  special needs.
- Wet rooms: name the slip resistance and waterproofing approach;
  any fire, slip or accessibility rule: [CHECK LOCAL CODE].
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [NEEDS SOURCE] for product data and prices.
</requirements>
 
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- The palette reads as one family across rooms and keeps what my
  examples share.
- Each finish suits its room's water, wear and cleaning.
- Each room data sheet is complete enough for a contractor to price.
</quality_bar>
 
<output_format>
Palette table (material, where, pros, cons, maintenance, cost low,
medium or high), then one room data sheet table per room.
</output_format>
 
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions
you made.
</process>

Render prompts

Stage: produce · Use when: you have a rough 3D blockout and want mood images that keep its shape. The quick version goes straight to the image generator, with the screenshot as an image or structure reference.

Quick

Architectural photograph of this exact massing, from the
[view: street | garden | interior | aerial], facade of [materials,
e.g. lime-washed brick, oiled oak, zinc], camera at 1.6 m, 24 mm
tilt-shift, verticals parallel, [light, e.g. low sun from the left],
sparse entourage, 3:2. No text; same floors and windows as the image.

Full

<materials>
[paste or attach the massing screenshot from SketchUp or Blender,
and the plan or room list]
</materials>
 
<context>
Design: [design, e.g. two-story house, gabled roof, long side facing
a south garden].
Images for: [use: choosing materials | showing neighbors | a mood board].
Generator: [generator, e.g. Midjourney, Flux or Adobe Firefly], with
the screenshot as a structure or image reference.
</context>
 
<examples>
[paste 1-3 architectural photos you like and 1 you don't, each with
why, e.g. "liked: overcast light, materials read clearly; disliked:
dusk shot with an orange glow, looks like an ad"]
</examples>
 
<task>
Write three render prompts (street, garden, main interior) that keep
this massing, to help me choose [decision, e.g. between brick and
timber cladding].
</task>
 
<requirements>
- Describe each shot like an architectural photographer: view,
  camera height, lens, time and weather, light direction, materials
  as nouns, entourage, aspect ratio.
- Keep the geometry: the screenshot's floors, roof form and window
  count.
- Vary one thing between versions:
  [variable: material | time of day | season | entourage].
- Put tool-specific parameters at the end of each prompt, apart from
  the description, so I can strip them for another tool.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [NEEDS SOURCE] next to any tool parameter you are unsure exists.
</requirements>
 
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Each prompt is visual description only: no reasons, no requests.
- Verticals parallel, no lens distortion, no text in the image.
- Nothing adds floors, balconies or glass that the screenshot lacks.
</quality_bar>
 
<output_format>
Three prompts in plain-text blocks, each followed by one line on
what to check in the result.
</output_format>
 
<process>
End with a list of the assumptions you made, then the three things
renders most often get wrong that I should check.
</process>

Remodel scope of work

Stage: produce · Use when: you need a kitchen or bathroom scope written so contractors' bids are comparable.

Quick

Write a scope of work for a [room: kitchen | bathroom | basement]
remodel: [paste what exists and what you want]. List work included
and excluded, allowances, who supplies what, and a bid form with line
items. Mark any wall change "structural engineer review" and permits
[CHECK LOCAL CODE]; check that two bidders would price the same work.

Full

<materials>
[paste the existing room's dimensions and photos, the layout you
want, and fixture and finish choices]
</materials>
 
<context>
House: [house, e.g. 1960s single-story, wood frame, slab on grade].
I'll send this to [bidders, e.g. three local contractors].
</context>
 
<task>
Write a scope-of-work document and bid form for a
[room: kitchen | bathroom | basement] remodel, so the bids I get
compare line by line.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- Sections: existing conditions; work included; work excluded;
  allowances for finishes not yet chosen; owner- vs
  contractor-supplied items; demolition and disposal; protection and
  cleanup; schedule and working hours; permits and inspections;
  warranty; change-order process.
- Any removed wall, new opening or beam: "requires structural
  engineer review".
- Permits, electrical, plumbing, ventilation and egress:
  [CHECK LOCAL CODE]; the contractor confirms what is required.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [NEEDS SOURCE] where a price or rule needs support.
</requirements>
 
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Two contractors reading it would price the same work.
- Every finish without a chosen product has an allowance.
- Nothing structural or code-related is decided; it is flagged.
- The bid form lines map one-to-one to the scope sections.
</quality_bar>
 
<output_format>
The scope as numbered sections, then a bid form table: line item,
quantity, unit, price, notes.
</output_format>
 
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions
you made.
</process>

Plan critique

Stage: review · Use when: you have a plan from a builder, an architect or a listing and want it checked before you buy, build or ask for changes.

Quick

Critique this floor plan [paste or attach the plan or a dimensioned
room list] for [household, e.g. a family of four]; north is [north,
e.g. up]. Rank the five biggest problems (circulation, light, storage,
privacy, furniture fit), each with the cheapest fix, then three
strengths to keep. Say what you can't judge from this drawing.

Full

<materials>
[paste or attach the plan, or a room list with dimensions; add the
section or elevations if you have them]
</materials>
 
<context>
Household: [household, e.g. two adults, one child, one works from
home]. North is [north, e.g. up on the plan].
The plan is [source: a stock plan | an architect's draft | a listing],
and I'm deciding whether to [decision: buy | build | ask for changes].
</context>
 
<examples>
[paste a home you lived in whose layout worked and one that didn't,
each with why]
</examples>
 
<task>
Critique this plan for my household, as a design review. Don't
redraw it.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- Check in this order: circulation (dead ends, rooms reached
  through rooms, share of area in corridors); daylight and
  orientation; furniture fit (beds with clearance, dining for the
  household, sofa and TV wall); storage, laundry and an entry drop
  zone; privacy and noise between zones.
- Stairs, egress windows and removed walls: mark
  [CHECK LOCAL CODE] or flag for an engineer; don't rule on them.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [NEEDS SOURCE] where the drawing doesn't show a dimension.
</requirements>
 
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Each problem points at a specific room or wall on the plan.
- Furniture checks use real sizes (queen bed ≈ 1.5 × 2.0 m) and
  stated clearances.
- Fixes are ranked by impact, cheapest effective fix first.
</quality_bar>
 
<output_format>
Top 5 problems ranked (problem, where, why it matters, cheapest
fix); three strengths to keep; what this drawing can't show.
</output_format>
 
<process>
End with a list of the assumptions you made.
</process>

Worked example

Weak prompt

Design me a modern house with an open kitchen and lots of light.

What's wrong

  • No site: no orientation, slope, setbacks, FAR or climate, so "lots of light" can't be placed anywhere.
  • No users, size or budget, so the program is a guess.
  • It asks for a finished design in one step, skipping the program and the options.
  • "Modern" and "lots of light" aren't checkable, and with no output format you get an essay or a pretty image that can't be built.

Strong prompt

<context>
I'm a homeowner, not an architect; define terms the first time.
Site: 15 m wide × 40 m deep lot at 39.7° N, cold winters and hot
dry summers. Street on the north (short) side, so the rear garden
faces south; the lot falls 2 m toward the rear; mountain view to
the west. Zoning: setbacks 6 m front, 1.5 m sides, 7.5 m rear;
height limit 9 m; FAR 0.5.
Household: two adults working from home, two children (8 and 11);
grandparents stay monthly and can't use stairs.
</context>
 
<task>
Pre-design: an area schedule and three partis for this house, so
we can choose one to develop in schematic design.
</task>
 
<requirements>
- Area schedule: net m² per space, grossing factor with its reason,
  net and gross totals.
- Three partis that differ in organization, each inside the
  buildable envelope.
- One bedroom and bath on the ground floor, step-free.
- Budget: $650,000 construction only; say if the area won't fit it.
- Priorities, ranked: 1. daylight in main rooms 2. low heating
  bills 3. separate quiet studies 4. storage 5. a calm modern look.
- Metric units. Egress, stairs and accessibility:
  [CHECK LOCAL CODE]. Spans, cantilevers and retaining walls: flag
  for a structural engineer.
- Never invent numbers, names, quotes or sources: write
  [NEEDS SOURCE] where support is missing.
</requirements>
 
<quality_bar>
Before answering, check your draft against:
- Each parti fits inside the setbacks, with the buildable width and
  depth computed.
- Areas sum; gross = net × the stated factor; total floor area is
  within the FAR limit.
- Living spaces face south or the west view; entry from the street.
- The ground-floor suite has a step-free route from the entry.
</quality_bar>
 
<output_format>
Area schedule table. For each parti: name, organizing idea, massing
(floors, footprint dimensions, roof), sun and view response. A table
scoring the partis 1-5 against my priorities. A recommendation.
</output_format>
 
<process>
Ask me up to 3 questions first if anything missing would change
your answer; otherwise go on. End with a list of the assumptions
you made.
</process>

What came back

Illustrative, abridged:

AREA SCHEDULE (net m²)
Living 30 · Kitchen + dining 26 · Study 1: 9 · Study 2: 9
Bedroom 1 + bath, ground floor, step-free: 19
Bedrooms 2-3: 22 · Bath 2: 5 · Laundry + mudroom: 8 · Storage: 6
Net 134 m² × grossing factor 1.25 (walls, stair, halls) ≈ 168 m²
FAR check: 0.5 × 600 m² = 300 m² allowed; 168 m² fits.
Cost: 168 m² × $3,000-3,800/m² [NEEDS SOURCE: local cost data]
≈ $504,000-638,000, inside the budget.
 
PARTI A, "South bar": two-story bar, 14 × 6 m per floor, long side
facing the garden. Living and kitchen across the whole south face;
studies at the east and west ends upstairs; grandparents' suite at
the west end of the ground floor, with the mountain view.
PARTI B, "Courtyard L": one story plus a partial upper floor,
wrapping a south-west courtyard...
PARTI C, "Split-level": three half-levels stepping down the 2 m
fall...
 
SCORES (1-5)     Daylight  Heating  Studies  Storage  Look
A South bar          5        5        4        3       4
B Courtyard L        4        3        5        4       5
C Split-level        4        4        3        4       4
 
RECOMMENDATION: A. The most south glass, a compact form and the
simplest structure. You give up a sheltered outdoor room.
FLAGS: stair geometry and the suite's door widths
[CHECK LOCAL CODE]; the 2 m fall may need a retaining wall:
structural engineer.
ASSUMPTIONS: 2.7 m floor-to-floor; ...

How an expert judged it

  • Area schedule: pass. It sums (134 × 1.25 ≈ 168 m²), states the factor and checks FAR correctly (0.5 × 600 m² = 300 m²). The cost range is marked [NEEDS SOURCE] instead of being presented as fact.
  • Envelope: fail, and it is the flaw that matters. The lot is 15 m wide; minus two 1.5 m side setbacks the buildable width is 12 m, and parti A's bar is 14 m long. The answer skipped the first <quality_bar> check (buildable width and depth computed), so the scores and the recommendation rest on a scheme that is illegal as drawn.
  • Knock-on effect. Squeezing 84 m² per floor into 12 m of width makes the plan 7 m deep. South windows light roughly 1.5–2× their head height into a room, about 3–4 m for a 2.1 m head, so the north half of each floor depends on north windows and A's daylight score of 5 has to be re-checked.
  • Flags: pass. Code items are marked, not ruled on, and the retaining wall goes to an engineer.

The follow-up

Parti A breaks the side setbacks: 15 m − 2 × 1.5 m = 12 m of
buildable width, and the bar is 14 m. Compute the buildable width
and depth first, with the arithmetic. Then rework A to fit (for
example 12 × 7 m per floor), state the plan depth of every parti,
re-score all three on daylight, and tell me whether the
recommendation changes. Keep the area schedule as it is.

Judge the output

These checks are the same ones written into every <quality_bar> on this sheet, adapted to each deliverable; use the table to judge what comes back.

CheckThe expert questionRed flag
Program fitdo the areas add up, with a stated grossing factor?totals that don't sum; gross equal to net
Envelopedoes the building fit inside the setbacks, height limit and FAR, with the arithmetic shown?a footprint wider than the lot minus its setbacks
Site responsedo main rooms face the sun or view; is entry from the street side?the same layout it would give for any site
Circulationcan you reach every room without passing through a bedroom; how much area is corridor?long corridors, dead ends, a bathroom reached through the kitchen
Furniture fitdoes a queen bed (≈ 1.5 × 2.0 m) fit with clearance on three sides?rooms that only work empty
Daylight and airdoes every habitable room get a window, ideally on two sides for the main rooms?interior bedrooms, west-facing glass walls with no shading
Structuredo walls stack between floors; are spans and cantilevers plausible and flagged?a 10 m open span with no comment; upper walls over open space below
Code awarenessdoes it flag egress, accessibility, stairs and fire separation as things to verify?confident code citations with section numbers and no caveat
Consistencydo plan, section and elevation agree; do the numbers match between answers?room sizes that change between messages
Cost realismdoes complexity match the budget?curved walls, cantilevers and walls of glass on a modest budget
Follow-up critique prompts
 
- "Recompute the area schedule and show the sum. Where did the
  grossing factor come from?"
- "Draw the buildable envelope first (lot minus setbacks), then
  check every option against it."
- "Walk me through the plan as a visitor, then as a child going to
  bed, then as someone in a wheelchair. Where does each struggle?"
- "Which three decisions in this scheme are hardest to change
  later? Which are the most expensive?"
- "Trace the load path: which walls don't stack, which spans or
  cantilevers would a structural engineer question first?"
- "List every claim you made about codes and rate your confidence.
  Which must I verify, and with whom?"
- "What does this scheme sacrifice to meet priority 1?"

Pitfalls

  • Asking for the look first. Style before program and site gives you a picture, not a building.
  • Trusting code answers. Models mix code editions and jurisdictions and invent section numbers. Use them to learn the questions; get answers from the building department.
  • Pretty plans from image generators. They are not to scale; walls, doors and stairs often make no sense.
  • Unchecked arithmetic. Area totals, FAR, setbacks and budgets per square meter are often wrong. Ask for the working, or paste the table into a spreadsheet.
  • One option. The first scheme is rarely the best; ask for three and a comparison.
  • Ignoring orientation. Without north and the latitude, the model cannot place rooms for light.
  • Over-specifying style with names. "In the style of [architect]" produces pastiche; describe features.
  • Forgetting the section. Ask for ceiling heights, level changes and a section description, not just plans.
  • Treating mood renders as design. Consistent geometry across views needs a model (CAD, BIM or Blender), not more prompts.
  • Leaving out budget. Without it every answer grows.
  • Reviewing in the same chat. The model defends its own scheme; run the review in a fresh chat.

References